本文为大家简单介绍如何使用GDI函数画出一个圆和正方形 ,效果图如下:
<<windows 程序设计>>这本书中关于绘制简单图形的代码如下:
/*--------------------------------------------------
LINEDEMO.C -- Line-Drawing Demonstration Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
--------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("LineDemo") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Line Demonstration"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static int cxClient, cyClient ;
HDC hdc ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_SIZE:
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
Rectangle (hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8,
7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, 0, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, cxClient, cyClient) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, cyClient, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, cxClient, 0) ;
Ellipse (hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8,
7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
RoundRect (hdc, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4,
3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4,
cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
运行结果如下 :
绘制线段 矩形 椭圆 椭圆矩形的函数如下:
Rectangle (hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8,
7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, 0, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, cxClient, cyClient) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, cyClient, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, cxClient, 0) ;
Ellipse (hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8,
7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
RoundRect (hdc, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4,
3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4,
cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4) ;
我们知道,正方形是特殊的矩形、圆是特殊的椭圆(哈哈,小学的知识排上用场了),于是乎,既然能用这个函数画出矩形和椭圆的话,那么我们来改变一下Rectangle函数和Ellipse函数的参数就能轻而易举的画出一个圆或者一个正方形。
以Ellipse函数介绍其参数
Ellipse函数有五个参数 :hdc (设备环境句柄)、xLeft ,yTop (左上角的坐标)、xRight,yBottom(右下角的坐标),我们需要做的就是获取左上角和右下角的坐标。
一般client(窗口客户区)的纵横比例是16:9 ; 于是 通过计算就可以轻而易举的得到两点坐标值 ,而这个计算只需要简单的初中数学知识 。比如 设横坐标是x,纵坐标是y,那么中心的坐标就是(x/2,y/2),那么xLeft=(x/2-y/2) , yTop=0,xRight=(x/2+y/2), yBottom=y 。 这样就得出了两点的坐标值,只需要写入程序就可以得到想要的圆了 。
API 代码 如下 :
/*--------------------------------------------------
LINEDEMO.C -- Line-Drawing Demonstration Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
--------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("LineDemo") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("圆"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static int cxClient, cyClient ;
HDC hdc ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_SIZE:
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
Rectangle (hdc, 7* cxClient / 32, 0 ,
25*cxClient / 32, cyClient ) ;
Ellipse (hdc, 7* cxClient / 32, 0 ,
25*cxClient / 32, cyClient ) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}