linux下CppUnit的应用

本文主要是论述CppUnit在C++项目中的应用，如何使用该单元测试，以及如何生成和查看测试报告和覆盖率报告。
[b]1.CppUnit 的安装。[/b]
本文以在Ubuntu下开发C++项目为例。
首先，读者需要选好速度较好的源去download一些应用程序，本文主要使用到gcc,cppunit，所以读者可以使用下面的命令去安装，使用[i]sudo -i[/i]切换到root账户。
使用apt-cache search gcc 和apt-cache search cppunit去查看当前源中是否存在gcc,cppunit的应用程序。然后使用apt-get install gcc,cppunit去安装。如果依赖其他应用或者程序包，请相应下载。
[b]2.简单应用的设计。[/b]
设计一个简单的计算器的类，能够进行加减乘除运算。头文件 Calculator.h 如下:

#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cppunit/portability/Stream.h>

#ifndef CALCULATOR_H_
#define CALCULATOR_H_

class DivideByZeroException : public std::runtime_error
{
public:
   DivideByZeroException() : std::runtime_error( "Divide By Zero Exception" )
  {
  }
};

class Calculator {
public:
        Calculator();
        virtual ~Calculator();
        const double add(const double &a, const double &b) ;
        const double subtract(const double &a, const double &b);
        const double multiply(const double &a,const double &b);
        const double divide(const double &a,const double &b);

};

#endif /* CALCULATOR_H_ */

实现该类 Calculator.cpp。

#include "Calculator.h"

Calculator::Calculator() {
}

Calculator::~Calculator() {
}

const double Calculator::add(const double &a, const double &b) {
        return a + b;
}

const double Calculator::subtract(const double &a, const double &b) {
        return a - b;
}

const double Calculator::multiply(const double &a, const double &b) {
        return a * b;
}

const double Calculator::divide(const double &a, const double &b) {
        if(b <=0.000001)
        {
                throw DivideByZeroException();
        }
        return a / b;
}

接下来是书写测试代码,CalculatorTest.h

#ifndef CALCULATORTEST_H
#define CALCULATORTEST_H

#include <cppunit/extensions/HelperMacros.h>
#include <cppunit/TestFixture.h>
/*#include "MyTest.h"*/
#include "Calculator.h"

/*class CalculatorTest : public MyTest*/
class CalculatorTest : public CPPUNIT_NS::TestCase
{
  /*CPPUNIT_TEST_SUB_SUITE( CalculatorTest, MyTest);*/
  CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE( CalculatorTest );
        CPPUNIT_TEST( testAdd );
        CPPUNIT_TEST( testSubtract );
        CPPUNIT_TEST( testMultiply );
        CPPUNIT_TEST( testDivide);
        CPPUNIT_TEST_EXCEPTION( testDivideByZero, DivideByZeroException );
  CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();

public:
  /* Initial something here, e.g, instance the Calculator.*/
  void setUp();

  /* destory something here, e.g, destory the Calculator instance.*/
  void tearDown();

        /* test method to test add function.*/
  void testAdd();
  /* test method to test subtract function.*/
  void testSubtract();
  /* test method to test multiply function.*/
  void testMultiply();
  /* test method to test divide function,but the divisor is not zero.*/
  void testDivide();
  /* test method to test divide function,but the divisor is zero.*/
  void testDivideByZero();
private:
        Calculator *calculator;
};

#endif

之后是测试代码的实现，CalculatorTest.cpp

#include <cppunit/config/SourcePrefix.h>
#include "Calculator.h"
#include "CalculatorTest.h"

CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION( CalculatorTest );

void
CalculatorTest::setUp()
{
        std::cout<<"\nSetup()";
        calculator = new Calculator;
}

void
CalculatorTest::tearDown()
{
        std::cout<<"->tearDown()\n";
        delete calculator;
}

void
CalculatorTest::testAdd()
{
        double a = 2.0;
        double b = 3.0;
        const double result = calculator->add(a,b);
        CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 5.0, result, 0.1 );
}

void
CalculatorTest::testSubtract()
{
        double a = 5.0;
        double b = 3.0;
        const double result = calculator->subtract(a,b);
        CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 2.0, result, 0.1 );
}

void
CalculatorTest::testMultiply()
{
        double a = 5.0;
        double b = 3.0;
        const double result = calculator->multiply(a,b);
        CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 15.0, result, 0.1 );
}

void
CalculatorTest::testDivide()
{
        double a = 5.0;
        double b = 3.0;
        const double result = calculator->divide(a,b);
        CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 1.667, result, 0.1 );
}

void
CalculatorTest::testDivideByZero()
{
        double a = 5.0;
        double b = 0.0;
        try
        {
                const double result = calculator->divide(a,b);
        }
        catch(DivideByZeroException e)
        {
                throw;
        }
}

程序入口代码 Main.cpp

#include <cppunit/BriefTestProgressListener.h>
#include <cppunit/CompilerOutputter.h>
#include <cppunit/extensions/TestFactoryRegistry.h>
#include <cppunit/TestResult.h>
#include <cppunit/TestResultCollector.h>
#include <cppunit/TestRunner.h>


int
main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
  // Create the event manager and test controller
  CPPUNIT_NS::TestResult controller;

  // Add a listener that colllects test result
  CPPUNIT_NS::TestResultCollector result;
  controller.addListener( &result );

  // Add a listener that print dots as test run.
  CPPUNIT_NS::BriefTestProgressListener progress;
  controller.addListener( &progress );

  // Add the top suite to the test runner
  CPPUNIT_NS::TestRunner runner;
  runner.addTest( CPPUNIT_NS::TestFactoryRegistry::getRegistry().makeTest() );
  runner.run( controller );

  // Print test in a compiler compatible format.
  CPPUNIT_NS::CompilerOutputter outputter( &result, CPPUNIT_NS::stdCOut() );
  outputter.write();

  return result.wasSuccessful() ? 0 : 1;
}

简单的Makefile代码：Makefile

#SRC=Main.cpp ./Calculator.cpp ./CalculatorTest.cpp
SRC=Main.cpp ./Calculator.cpp ./CalculatorTest.cpp
CXX=g++
CC=gcc
CXXFLAGS=-I./
libflag = -L/usr/local/lib
LDFLAGS=-lcppunit -lrt -lcurses -ldl
TESTFLAG = -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
All:main

main: $(SRC)
        $(CXX) -g -o $@ $(CXXFLAGS) ${libflag} $(LDFLAGS) $(SRC) -pg ${TESTFLAG}
clean:
        rm -f *.o main 

运行make命令，生成可执行和程序main,
使用下列命令执行程序 [i]./main[/i]
结果如下:

CalculatorTest::testAdd
Setup()->tearDown()
 : OK
CalculatorTest::testSubtract
Setup()->tearDown()
 : OK
CalculatorTest::testMultiply
Setup()->tearDown()
 : OK
CalculatorTest::testDivide
Setup()->tearDown()
 : OK
CalculatorTest::testDivideByZero
Setup()->tearDown()
 : OK
OK (5)

我会继续完善,有些地方还不好的