Delphi图像处理 -- 高保真反差

阅读提示：

    《Delphi图像处理》系列以效率为侧重点，一般代码为PASCAL，核心代码采用BASM。

    《C++图像处理》系列以代码清晰，可读性为主，全部使用C++代码。

    尽可能保持二者内容一致，可相互对照。

    本文代码必须包括文章《Delphi图像处理 -- 数据类型及公用过程》中的ImageData.pas单元。

 

    图像高保真反差处理很简单，其步骤如下：

    1、备份图像原数据；

    2、按给定半径对图像进行高斯模糊；

    3、用原像素与高斯模糊后的像素相减，形成一个差值；

    4、差值加128，完毕。

    下面是高保真反差代码，包括高斯模糊代码（关于高斯模糊见文章《Delphi图像处理 -- 高斯模糊》，下面的高斯模糊代码也是从该文拷贝来的）：

procedure CrossBlur(var Dest: TImageData; const Source: TImageData; Weights: Pointer; Radius: Integer);
var
  height, srcStride: Integer;
  dstOffset, srcOffset: Integer;
asm
    push      esi
    push      edi
    push      ebx
    push      ecx
    mov       ecx, [edx].TImageData.Stride
    mov       srcStride, ecx
    call      _SetCopyRegs
    mov       height, edx
    mov       srcOffset, eax
    mov       dstOffset, ebx
    pop       ebx
    pxor      xmm7, xmm7
    push      esi           // pst = Source.Scan0
    push      edi
    push      edx
    push      ecx

    // blur col

    mov       eax, srcStride
    mov       edx, eax
    shr       edx, 2        // width = Source.Width
    mov       edi, Radius
    shl       edi, 1
    imul      edi, eax
    add       edi, esi      // psb = pst + Radius * 2 * Source.Stride
@@cyLoop:
    push      edx
@@cxLoop:
    push      esi
    push      edi
    push      ebx
    mov       ecx, Radius
    pxor      xmm0, xmm0    // sum = 0
@@cblurLoop:
    movd      xmm1, [esi]   // for (i = 0; i < Radius; i ++)
    movd      xmm2, [edi]   // {
    punpcklbw xmm1, xmm7
    punpcklbw xmm2, xmm7
    paddw     xmm1, xmm2    //   ps = pst + psb
    punpcklwd xmm1, xmm7
    cvtdq2ps  xmm1, xmm1    //   pfs (flaot * 4) = ps (int * 4)
    mulps     xmm1, [ebx]   //   pfs *= Weights[i]
    addps     xmm0, xmm1    //   sum += pfs
    add       ebx, 16
    add       esi, eax      //   pst += Source.Stride
    sub       edi, eax      //   psb -= Source.Stride
    loop      @@cblurLoop   // }
    movd      xmm1, [esi]
    punpcklbw xmm1, xmm7
    punpcklwd xmm1, xmm7
    cvtdq2ps  xmm1, xmm1    // pfs (flaot * 4) = pst (int * 4)
    mulps     xmm1, [ebx]   // pfs *= Weights[Radius]
    addps     xmm0, xmm1    // sum += pfs
    pop       ebx
    pop       edi
    pop       esi
    cvtps2dq  xmm0, xmm0    // ps (int * 4) = sum (flaot * 4)
    packssdw  xmm0, xmm7
    packuswb  xmm0, xmm7
    movd      [esi], xmm0   // pst (byte * 4) = ps (int * 4) pask
    add       esi, 4
    add       edi, 4
    dec       edx
    jnz       @@cxLoop
    pop       edx
    dec       height
    jnz       @@cyLoop

    pop       edx
    pop       height
    pop       edi           // pd = Dest.Scan0
    pop       esi           // psl = pst
    mov       eax, Radius
    shl       eax, 1+2
    add       eax, esi      // psr = psl + Radius * 2

    // blur row

@@ryLoop:
    push      edx           // width = Dest.Width
@@rxLoop:
    push      esi
    push      ebx
    push      eax
    mov       ecx, Radius
    pxor      xmm0, xmm0    // sum = 0
@@rblurLoop:
    movd      xmm1, [esi]   // for (i = 0; i < Radius; i ++)
    movd      xmm2, [eax]   // {
    punpcklbw xmm1, xmm7
    punpcklbw xmm2, xmm7
    paddw     xmm1, xmm2    //   ps = psl + psr
    punpcklwd xmm1, xmm7
    cvtdq2ps  xmm1, xmm1    //   pfs (flaot * 4) = ps (int * 4)
    mulps     xmm1, [ebx]   //   pfs *= Weights[i]
    addps     xmm0, xmm1    //   sum += pfs
    add       ebx, 16
    add       esi, 4        //   psl ++
    sub       eax, 4        //   psr --
    loop      @@rblurLoop   // }
    movd      xmm1, [esi]
    punpcklbw xmm1, xmm7
    punpcklwd xmm1, xmm7
    cvtdq2ps  xmm1, xmm1    // pfs (flaot * 4) = psl (int * 4)
    mulps     xmm1, [ebx]   // pfs *= Weights[Radius]
    addps     xmm0, xmm1    // sum += pfs
    cvtps2dq  xmm0, xmm0    // ps (int * 4) = sum (flaot * 4)
    packssdw  xmm0, xmm7
    packuswb  xmm0, xmm7
    movd      [edi], xmm0   // pd (byte * 4) = ps (int * 4) pask
    pop       eax
    pop       ebx
    pop       esi
    add       eax, 4
    add       esi, 4
    add       edi, 4
    dec       edx
    jnz       @@rxLoop
    add       eax, srcOffset
    add       esi, srcOffset
    add       edi, dstOffset
    pop       edx
    dec       height
    jnz       @@ryLoop
    pop       ebx
    pop       edi
    pop       esi
end;

// --> st x
// <-- st e**x = 2**(x*log2(e))
function _Expon: Extended;
asm
    fldl2e              // y = x*log2e
    fmul
    fld     st(0)       // i = round(y)
    frndint
    fsub    st(1), st   // f = y - i
    fxch    st(1)       // z = 2**f
    f2xm1
    fld1
    fadd
    fscale              // result = z * 2**i
    fstp    st(1)
end;

function GetWeights(var Buffer, Weights: Pointer; Q: Single; Radius: Integer): Integer;
const
  _fcd1: Single = 0.1;
  _fc1: Single = 1.0;
  _fc2: Single = 2.0;
  _fc250: Single = 250.0;
  _fc255: Single = 255.0;
var
  R: Integer;
  v, QQ2: double;
asm
    mov     R, ecx
    mov     ecx, eax
    fld     Q
    fabs
    fcom    _fcd1
    fstsw   ax
    sahf
    jae     @@1
    fld     _fcd1
    fstp    st(1)               // if (Q < 0.1) Q = 0.1
    jmp     @@2
@@1:
    fcom    _fc250
    fstsw   ax
    sahf
    jbe     @@2
    fld     _fc250
    fstp    st(1)               // if (Q > 250) Q = 250
@@2:
    fst     Q
    fmul    Q
    fmul    _fc2
    fstp    QQ2                 // QQ2 = 2 * Q * Q
    fwait
    mov     eax, R
    test    eax, eax
    jg      @@10
    push    eax                 // if (radius <= 0)
    fld1                        // {
    fadd    Q                   //   radius = Abs(Q) + 1
    fistp   [esp].Integer
    fwait
    pop     eax
@@testRadius:                   //   while (TRUE)
    mov     R, eax              //   {
    fldz                        //     sum = 0
@@testLoop:                     //     for (R = radius; R > 0; R ++)
    fild    R                   //     {
    fld     st(0)
    fmulp   st(1), st
    fdiv    QQ2
    fchs
    call    _Expon              //       tmp = Exp(-(R * R) / (2.0 * Q * Q));
    cmp     R, eax
    jne     @@3
    fst     v                   //       if (R == radius) v = tmp
@@3:
    faddp   st(1), st(0)        //       sum += tmp
    dec     R
    jnz     @@testLoop          //     }
    fmul    _fc2                //     sum *= 2
    fadd    _fc1                //     sum += 1
    fdivr   v
    fmul    _fc255
    fistp   R
    cmp     R, 0
    je      @@4                 //     if ((INT)(v / sum * 255 + 0.5) = 0) break
    inc     eax                 //     radius ++
    jmp     @@testRadius        //   }
@@4:
    dec     eax
    jnz     @@5
    inc     eax
@@5:
    mov     R, eax              // }
@@10:
    inc     eax
    shl     eax, 4
    add     eax, 12
    push    edx
    push    ecx
    mov     edx, eax
    mov     eax, GHND
    call    GlobalAllocPtr
    pop     ecx
    pop     edx
    test    eax, eax
    jz      @@Exit
    mov     [ecx], eax          // buffer = GlobalAllocPtr(GHND, (Radius + 1) * 16 + 12)
    add     eax, 12
    and     eax, -16
    mov     [edx], eax          // weights = ((char* )buffer + 12) & 0xfffffff0
    mov     ecx, R              // ecx = radius
    mov     edx, eax            // edx = weights
    fldz                        // for (i = radius, sum = 0; i > 0; i --)
@@clacLoop:                     // {
    fild    R
    fld     st(0)
    fmulp   st(1), st
    fdiv    QQ2
    fchs
    call    _Expon
    fstp    [edx].Double        //   weights[i] = Expon(-(i * i) / (2 * Q * Q))
    fadd    [edx].Double        //   sum += weights[i]
    add     edx, 16
    dec     R
    jnz     @@clacLoop          // }
    fmul    _fc2                // sum *= 2
    fld1
    fstp    [edx].Double        // weights[radius] = 1
    fadd    [edx].Double        // sum += weights[radius]
    push    ecx
    inc     ecx
@@divLoop:                      // for (i = 0; i <= Radius; i ++)
    fld     st(0)               //   weights[i] = Round(weights[i] / sum)
    fdivr   [eax].Double
    fst     [eax].Single
    fst     [eax+4].Single
    fst     [eax+8].Single
    fstp    [eax+12].Single
    add     eax, 16
    loop    @@divLoop
    ffree   st(0)
    fwait
    pop     eax                 // return Radius
@@Exit:
end;

// 高斯模糊。
procedure ImageGaussiabBlur(var Data: TImageData; Q: Single; Radius: Integer);
var
  Buffer, Weights: Pointer;
  src: TImageData;
begin
  Radius := GetWeights(Buffer, Weights, Q, Radius);
  if Radius = 0 then Exit;
  if Data.AlphaFlag then
    ArgbConvertPArgb(Data);
  src := _GetExpandData(Data, Radius);
  CrossBlur(Data, src, Weights, Radius);
  FreeImageData(src);
  GlobalFreePtr(Buffer);
  if Data.AlphaFlag then
    PArgbConvertArgb(Data);
end;

procedure DoHighPass(var Dest: TImageData; const Source: TImageData);
asm
    push      esi
    push      edi
    push      ebx
    pxor      mm7, mm7
    mov       ecx, 128
    movd      mm6, ecx
    pshufw    mm6, mm6, 0
    call      _SetCopyRegs
@@yLoop:
    push      ecx
@@xLoop:
    movd      mm0, [esi]  // mm0 = 原像素
    movd      mm1, [edi]  // mm1 = 高斯模糊后像素
    punpcklbw mm0, mm7
    punpcklbw mm1, mm7
    psubw     mm0, mm1
    paddw     mm0, mm6    // mm0 = mm0 - mm1 + 128
    packuswb  mm0, mm7
    movd      [edi], mm0
    add       esi, 3
    add       edi, 3
    movsb
    loop      @@xLoop
    pop       ecx
    add       esi, eax
    add       edi, ebx
    dec       edx
    jnz       @@yLoop
    pop       ebx
    pop       edi
    pop       esi
    emms
end;

// 高保真反差
procedure ImageHighPass(var Data: TImageData; Radius: Single);

  procedure CopyData(var Dest: TImageData; const Source: TImageData);
  asm
    push    esi
    push    edi
    mov     ecx, [eax].TImageData.Width
    imul    ecx, [eax].TImageData.Height
    mov     edi, [eax].TImageData.Scan0
    mov     esi, [edx].TImageData.Scan0
    rep     movsd
    pop     edi
    pop     esi
  end;

var
  IsInvertScan0: Boolean;
  Src: TImageData;
begin
  // 备份图像数据
  Src := NewImageData(Data.Width, Data.Height);
  IsInvertScan0 := Data.Stride < 0;
  if IsInvertScan0 then
    _InvertScan0(Data);
  CopyData(Src, Data);
  // 图像数据作高斯模糊
  ImageGaussiabBlur(Data, Radius, 0);
  // 用备份图像数据和高斯模糊图像数据作高保真反差
  DoHighPass(Data, Src);
  FreeImageData(Src);
  if IsInvertScan0 then
    _InvertScan0(Data);
end;

    简单例子： 

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  bmp: TBitmap;
  data: TImageData;
begin
  bmp := TBitmap.Create;
  bmp.LoadFromFile('d:\source.bmp');
  data := GetBitmapData(bmp);
  ImageHighPass(Data, 3);
  Canvas.Draw(0, 0, bmp);
  bmp.Free;
end;

    下面是原图以及例子运行界面截图：

    《Delphi图像处理》系列使用GDI+单元下载地址和说明见文章《GDI+ for VCL基础 -- GDI+ 与 VCL》。

    因水平有限，错误在所难免，欢迎指正和指导。邮箱地址：maozefa@hotmail.com

    这里可访问《Delphi图像处理 -- 文章索引》。