227. Basic Calculator II (M)

Basic Calculator II (M)

Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.

The expression string contains only non-negative integers, +, -, *, / operators and empty spaces ``. The integer division should truncate toward zero.

Example 1:

Input: "3+2*2"
Output: 7

Example 2:

Input: " 3/2 "
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: " 3+5 / 2 "
Output: 5

Note:

• You may assume that the given expression is always valid.
• Do not use the eval built-in library function.

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题意

计算只包含+, -, *, /和空格的数学表达式的值。

思路

方法一：从后向前遍历字符串，遇空格跳过，遇*, /压入操作符栈中，遇数字压入操作数栈中，遇’+’, '-'需要进行判断：如果操作符栈栈顶为*或/，则从操作数栈和操作符栈分别出栈，将计算结果压回操作数栈，重复上述过程直到操作符栈为空或其栈顶为+, -，再将当前的+, -压入操作符栈中；其余情况则直接将+, -压入操作符栈中。全部遍历完后，重复出栈操作数栈和操作符栈计算结果即可。

方法二：从前向后遍历，参考自 [LeetCode] 227. Basic Calculator II 基本计算器之二。

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代码实现 - 从后向前遍历

class Solution {
    public int calculate(String s) {
        Deque<Integer> nums = new ArrayDeque<>();
        Deque<Character> ops = new ArrayDeque<>();

        for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c == ' ') {
                continue;
            } else if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
                while (!ops.isEmpty() && (ops.peek() == '*' || ops.peek() == '/')) {
                    int a = nums.pop();
                    int b = nums.pop();
                    char op = ops.pop();
                    int cal = op == '*' ? a * b : a / b;
                    nums.push(cal);
                }
                ops.push(c);
            } else if (c == '*' || c == '/') {
                ops.push(c);
            } else {
                int num = c - '0';
                int zeros = 10;
                while (i - 1 >= 0 && s.charAt(i - 1) <= '9' && s.charAt(i - 1) >= '0') {
                    num = (s.charAt(i - 1) - '0') * zeros + num;
                    zeros *= 10;
                    i--;
                }
                nums.push(num);
            }
        }

        while (nums.size() != 1) {
            int a = nums.pop();
            int b = nums.pop();
            char op = ops.pop();
            int cal = (op == '+' ? a + b : op == '-' ? a - b : op == '*' ? a * b : a / b);
            nums.push(cal);
        }

        return nums.pop();
    }
}

代码实现 - 从前向后遍历

class Solution {
    public int calculate(String s) {
        Deque<Integer> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c == ' ') {
                continue;
            } else if (c == '*' || c == '/') {
                int a = stack.pop();
                int b = 0;
                while (!(s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0' && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '9')) {
                    i++;
                }
                while (i + 1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0' && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '9') {
                    b = b * 10 + s.charAt(i + 1) - '0';
                    i++;
                }
                stack.push(c == '*' ? a * b : a / b);
            } else if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
                int num = 0;
                while (!(s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0' && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '9')) {
                    i++;
                }
                while (i + 1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0' && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '9') {
                    num = num * 10 + s.charAt(i + 1) - '0';
                    i++;
                }
                stack.push(c == '+' ? num : -num);
            } else {
                int num = c - '0';
                while (i + 1 < s.length() && s.charAt(i + 1) >= '0' && s.charAt(i + 1) <= '9') {
                    num = num * 10 + s.charAt(i + 1) - '0';
                    i++;
                }
                stack.push(num);
            }
        }
        while (stack.size() != 1) {
            stack.push(stack.pop() + stack.pop());
        }
        return stack.pop();
    }
}