173. Binary Search Tree Iterator (M)

Binary Search Tree Iterator (M)

Implement an iterator over a binary search tree (BST). Your iterator will be initialized with the root node of a BST.

Calling next() will return the next smallest number in the BST.

Example:

BSTIterator iterator = new BSTIterator(root);
iterator.next();    // return 3
iterator.next();    // return 7
iterator.hasNext(); // return true
iterator.next();    // return 9
iterator.hasNext(); // return true
iterator.next();    // return 15
iterator.hasNext(); // return true
iterator.next();    // return 20
iterator.hasNext(); // return false

Note:

• next() and hasNext() should run in average O(1) time and uses O(h) memory, where h is the height of the tree.
• You may assume that next() call will always be valid, that is, there will be at least a next smallest number in the BST when next() is called.

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题意

实现一个BST迭代器，要求next()和hasNext()的平均时间复杂度为$O(1)$且空间复杂度为$O(h)$。

思路

如果没有复杂度限制，那么最简单的方法就是先一遍中序遍历将所有值记录下来，调用next()时挨个返回就行。空间复杂度为$O(h)$，做法就参考中序遍历的迭代实现：初始化时先将最左侧的边存储下来，每次调用next()时，栈顶元素就是下一个应返回的结点，出栈后将该结点右子树的最左侧边存入栈。重复上述过程，栈中元素数量最大为树高，且查询平均复杂度为$O(1)$。

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代码实现

class BSTIterator {
    private Deque<TreeNode> stack;
    private int index;

    public BSTIterator(TreeNode root) {
        stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
        while (root != null) {
            stack.push(root);
            root = root.left;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return the next smallest number
     */
    public int next() {
        TreeNode node = stack.pop();
        TreeNode tmp = node.right;
        while (tmp != null) {
            stack.push(tmp);
            tmp = tmp.left;
        }
        return node.val;
    }

    /**
     * @return whether we have a next smallest number
     */
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return !stack.isEmpty();
    }
}