网络编程
网络通信的要素
- 通信双方的地址：
- IP
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124：5900（IP + 端口）
- 规则：网络通信的协议
- TCP/IP
- UDP
IP
ip地址： InterAddress
- 172.0.0.1： 本机 （local host）
- IP地址的分类：
- IPV4 / IPV6
- IPV4 ： 172.0.0.1 ， 4个字节组成 42亿~。2011就用尽
- IPV6 ：128位。8个无符号整数！
- 公网（互联网） - 私网（局域网）
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xxx.xxx 专门给组织内部使用的
- IPV4 / IPV6
- 域名：记忆IP问题！
InetAddress: 只有方法，没有构造方法所以 不能 new
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
// 查询网站ip地址
InetAddress byAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(byAddress1);
//常用方法
// System.out.println(byAddress1.getAddress());//[B@1b6d3586
System.out.println(byAddress1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 183.232.231.174
System.out.println(byAddress1.getHostAddress()); // ip 183.232.231.174
System.out.println(byAddress1.getHostName()); // 域名，或者电脑的名字 www.baidu.com
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程：
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号。 用来区分软件！
-
被规定 0~65535
-
TCP，UDP： 65535 * 2
-
端口分类
- 公用端口 0~1023
- HTTP ： 80
- HTTPS： 443
- FTP ： 21
- Telent ： 23
- 程序注册端口： 1024~49151，分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat：8080
- MySQL： 3306
- Oracle： 1521
- 动态、私有：49152~65535
netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" # 查看指定端口的进程
public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2= new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());// /127.0.0.1 System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());// 地址 127.0.0.1 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());// 端口 8080 } } - 公用端口 0~1023
通信协议
- TCP : 打电话
- 连接，稳定
- 三次握手，四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成，释放连接，效率低
- UDP：发短信
- 不连接，不稳定
- 客户端、服务端： 没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好，我都发给你
TCP
TCP连接
客户端
1. 连接服务端 Socket.
2. 发送消息
// 客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址 , 端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
// 2. 创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
// 3.发送消息 IO 流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
1. 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2. 等待用户的链接 accept
3. 接收消息
// 服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1. 我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
// 2. 等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 3. 读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
// 管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
// 客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
// 2. 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.读取文件 (文件流）
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("123.png"));
// 4.写文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器，我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
// 服务端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
// 2. 监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
// 3. 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
// 4. 文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());
// 关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
UDP
发送消息
发送端
// 不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 2. 建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器:";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// 数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
// 3. 发送包
socket.send(packet);
// 4. 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
// 还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDomo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 2. 接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
// 3.关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
发送端
public class UdpsenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
// 准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
// 断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
互相通信
发送端
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
// 准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveDate = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom +": " + receiveDate);
// 断开连接 bye
if(receiveDate.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
用户端A
public class TalkPersonA {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"用户A")).start();
}
}
用户端B
public class TalkPersonB {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"用户B")).start();
}
}
URL
https://www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符: 定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析 : www.baidu.com ==> 对应一个IP地址(百度的IP);
协议 : / / ip地址: 端口/项目名/资源
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=zhangsan&passwork=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); // 协议 http
System.out.println(url.getHost());// 主机IP localhost
System.out.println(url.getPort());// 端口 8080
System.out.println(url.getPath());// 文件 /helloworld/index.jsp
System.out.println(url.getFile());// 文件全路径 /helloworld/index.jsp?username=zhangsan&passwork=123
System.out.println(url.getQuery());// 参数 username=zhangsan&passwork=123
}
}
下载网上资源
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 下载地址
URL url = new URL(""/*网络资源网站*/);
// 2. 连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(""/*名.格式*/);// 下载保存的文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1 ){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);// 写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
以上内容来自:狂神说
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