Java使用HTTP在客户端和服务端之间传输字节流

近期在学习一个C/S项目，作为一个之前只会写套皮B/S项目的摸鱼选手，只能说书到用时方恨少。虽然web前端+springboot项目非常常见，但基础的知识不能不学。遂在网络搜寻，幸得一点学习心得

要求：原本是一个完整的对接项目，但是由于服务端一直报乱码，因此便自己写一个服务端接收客户端传输的字节流，看看究竟是不是乱码。服务端仍旧采取springboot建立项目，写一个controller接收数据；客户端则简单采用main方法模拟

使用工具：intellij idea、postman（测试controller，可不用）

服务端springboot项目搭建：

新建项目，选择spring initializr（这里近做简单演示，笔者用的古早年间的现成项目，可以看一下笔者之前写的建立springboot项目的笔记

java版本不宜过高，容易不兼容sdk

 由于仅仅想写一个接口，不需要数据库，因此依赖只选择spring web

 项目建立好后，在application.properties写配置文件（笔者喜欢重构为yml文件，properties就写server.port=8081，8081是项目运行的端口号，随意指定不冲突的即可

 

server:
  port: 8081

然后新建controller类

 代码如下：

package com.example.demo_back.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

@RestController
@CrossOrigin
public class HttpTestController
{
    @RequestMapping("/httpByteTest")
    public String httpByteTest(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException
    {
        String result = "";
        ServletInputStream inputStream= request.getInputStream();
        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"utf-8");

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
        try {
            StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                buffer.append(line);
            }
            result=buffer.toString();
            System.out.println("server returned what you said: "+result);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            inputStream.close();
            inputStreamReader.close();
            bufferedReader.close();
        }

        return result;
    }
   
}

运行application类，可以使用postman测试一下这个接口，不报错即可（这里返回是空的

 这样服务端就建立好了

客户端就随便写个main函数，可以直接在这个controller类里面写

    public static void main(String[]args) throws Exception
    {
        StringBuffer sbRet = new StringBuffer();
        String strCBCURL = "http://localhost:8081/httpByteTest";

        int connectTimeOut = Integer.valueOf(30000);
        int readTimeOut = Integer.valueOf(100) * 1000;

        HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = null;
        URL url = null;
        OutputStream outStrm = null;
        InputStream inStrm = null;
        try {
            url = new URL(strCBCURL);
            URLConnection rulConnection = url.openConnection();
            rulConnection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeOut);
            rulConnection.setReadTimeout(readTimeOut);
            httpUrlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) rulConnection;
            httpUrlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
            httpUrlConnection.setDoInput(true);
            httpUrlConnection.setUseCaches(false);

            httpUrlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml;charset=utf-8");

            httpUrlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST".toUpperCase());
            outStrm = httpUrlConnection.getOutputStream();

            outStrm.write("我踏马莱纳".getBytes("utf-8")); // 不设置编码则为项目默认编码
            outStrm.flush();

            inStrm = httpUrlConnection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inStrm));
            String s;
            while ((s = in.readLine()) != null && s.length() != 0) {
                sbRet.append(s);
            }
            System.out.println("client got response from server:"+sbRet);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Exception("Servlet connect Exception:" + e.getMessage()); // �쳣
        } finally {
            if (outStrm != null) {
                outStrm.close();
            }
            if (inStrm != null) {
                inStrm.close();
            }
        }

    }

 再运行这个main方法（要和springboot项目同时运行

 服务端控制台的输出：

 客户端（main方法）控制台的输出：

总结：传输字节流其实和传输字符串请求差不多，用HttpServletRequest类型接收即可，且无需指定@RequestParam属性

传输和接收最好都注意一下编码问题，比如发送时使用getBytes(charset)来进行指定。