classes in java

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 10:43:14 发布

markapril

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-22 10:43:14 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： parameters methods variables list reference class

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/markapril/article/details/5584979

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Declaring Classes

1. Modifiers such as public , private , and a number of others that you will encounter later.

2. The class name, with the initial letter capitalized by convention.

3. The name of the class's parent (superclass), if any, preceded by the keyword extends . A class can only extend (subclass) one parent.

4. A comma-separated list of interfaces implemented by the class, if any, preceded by the keyword implements . A class can implement more than one interface.

5. The class body, surrounded by braces, { } .

Declaring Member Variables

· Member variables in a classthese are called fields .

· Variables in a method or block of codethese are called local variables .

· Variables in method declarationsthese are called parameters .

Access Modifiers

· public modifier the field is accessible from all classes.

· private modifier the field is accessible only within its own class.

Defining Methods

1. Modifierssuch as public , private , and others you will learn about later.

2. The return typethe data type of the value returned by the method, or void if the method does not return a value.

3. The method namethe rules for field names apply to method names as well, but the convention is a little different.

4. The parameter list in parenthesisa comma-delimited list of input parameters, preceded by their data types, enclosed by parentheses, () . If there are no parameters, you must use empty parentheses.

5. An exception listto be discussed later.

6. The method body, enclosed between bracesthe method's code, including the declaration of local variables, goes here.

Overloading Methods

This means that methods within a class can have the same name if they have different parameter lists.

Note

Overloaded methods should be used sparingly, as they can make code much less readable.

Note

Parameters refers to the list of variables in a method declaration. Arguments are the actual values that are passed in when the method is invoked. When you invoke a method, the arguments used must match the declaration's parameters in type and order.

Note

The Java programming language doesn't let you pass methods into methods. But you can pass an object into a method and then invoke the object's methods.

Arbitrary Number of Arguments

You can use a construct called varargs to pass an arbitrary number of values to a method. To use varargs, you follow the type of the last parameter by an ellipsis (three dots, ... ), then a space, and the parameter name. The method can then be invoked with any number of that parameter, including none.

Passing Primitive Data Type Arguments

Primitive arguments, such as an int or a double , are passed into methods by value . This means that any changes to the values of the parameters exist only within the scope of the method. When the method returns, the parameters are gone and any changes to them are lost.

Passing Reference Data Type Arguments

Reference data type parameters, such as objects, are also passed into methods by value . This means that when the method returns, the passed-in reference still references the same object as before. However , the values of the object's fields can be changed in the method, if they have the proper access level.

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classes in java

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