实战DHTML性能优化,改善自定义下拉框控件

实战DHTML性能优化,改善自定义下拉框控件


先介绍一下本文演示用的代码,在我的项目中要实现一个自定义样式的下拉框,使用自定义的下拉箭头和自定义颜色的边框来取代系统默认的select。要实现这个功能就需要通过table模拟实现。那么我使用一个js方法来实现这个模拟过程,并封装为initSelect(id, width, height)方法。

并提供setSelect(id, index)进行某选项的选中,以及其他一些方法,全部功能至少同时兼容IE和FireFox。

因为当初写的比较随意,代码全部完成后,发现性能相当低下。大约出生日期这样的3个下拉框需要几百毫米的时间。

整优化过程我分3次进行

第一步

优化的技巧之一就是优先优化循环体,我把循环体内的不良做法优化,例如

for(var i=0;i<sel.options.length;i++)

--》

for(var i=0,j=a.length;i<j;i++)


sel.options[i].value;

--》

a[i].value;

本步产生代码initSelect2,祥见包内的s.js,下同

第二步

通过上面一个很小的改动,可以节省一些时间了,但是不会有什么大的改观,离我们优化要达到的目标相去甚远。那么现在静下来想一下,应该修改一下逻辑了

由于我们initSelect采用的方式是通过createElement创建TR,然后添加到table的rows集合中,由于创建和解析html都需要时间,所以效率较差,下面我们改良为数组方式

var arr = new Array(a.length);
for (var i=0,j=a.length;i<j; i++)
{
arr[i] = "<tr><td title='" + a[i].text + "' value='" + a[i].value + "'>" + a[i].text + "</td></tr>";
}
oCell.innerHTML = "<div id=\"O" + id + "\" class=\"select\" onselectstart=\"return false\" onmouseover=\"HoverOptions(event);\" onmouseout=\"OutOptions(event);\" onclick=\"ClickOptions(event, 'O" + id + "');\">\
<table cellsapcing=\"0\" cellspadding=\"3\" border=\"0\" width=100%>\
<tbody>" + arr.join() + "</tbody>\
</table>\
</div>";

这样DOM只需解析一次HTML,取得了很好的效果,速度提高了3倍,从300ms降到几十毫秒。

本步产生代码initSelect3

第三步

那么还可以进一步优化吗,答案是肯定的。我们前两步的重点是循环体,现在该着眼大局了,由于整个方法体内仍然多次使用了innerHTML,这是一个非常慢的操作,微软非常推荐使用innerText来尽可能代替innerHTML,但是显然不适合此处。而且必须要指出的是innerText不属于W3C标准,因而不被fireFox支持。

我前面的一些随便中的DHTML技巧里已经指出了insertAdjacentElement会比insertAdjacentHTML效果好,但是这次我们决定抛弃insertAdjacentElement而使用insertAdjacentHTML,因为这样以来我们可以把HTML解析降低为一次,所以我们把多个节点使用一个insertAdjacentHTML完成,而不是insertAdjacentElement配合多次innerHTML赋值。采取这些调整以后,我们的代码再次得到提速,虽然效果不很明显,但是仍有超过10%的改善。

本步产生代码initSelect4

参考时间:
initSelect 313
initSelect2 297
initSelect3 140
initSelect4 94

后记

其实这个方法在项目开发初期就有了,当时使用的是
for(var i=0;i<sel.options.length;i++)
{
td.innerHTML += "<tr><td>" + sel.options[i].text + "</td></tr>";
}
结果当时一个50项的select在我的3g cpu上竟然需要500ms以上的加载时间,这次调优,我重写了该方法,并分步进行了优化,希望能给DHTML开发者们带来一些启示。


如果诸位需要使用这个自定义下拉框,只需select.js和s.css,而优化演示请看demo1中的文件(代码不完整,只做演示)

全文完
[removed] // ViaSelect Environment Constants var SS_ENV = new Object(); SS_ENV.IE_Version = new Number(((window.navigator.appVersion.split('; '))[1].split(' '))[1]); SS_ENV.CR = new Object(); SS_ENV.CR.ReverseBackground = '#E2519C'; SS_ENV.CR.ReverseText = 'white'; SS_ENV.CR.Border = '#D55C9A'; SS_ENV.CR.BorderActive = '#FF6CB7'; SS_ENV.DefaultHeight = 20; SS_ENV.ButtonWidth = 13; SS_ENV.OptionsDivStyle = '' + ' display:none;' + ' z-index:10;' + ' position:absolute;' + ' border:1 solid '+ SS_ENV.CR.Border+';' + ' background-color:white;' + ' scrollbar-face-color:#D4D0C8;' + ' scrollbar-shadow-color:white;' + ' scrollbar-highlight-color:#F6F5F4;' + ' scrollbar-3dlight-color:white' + ' scrollbar-darkshadow-color:#86837E;' + ' scrollbar-track-color:#F6F5F4;' + ' scrollbar-arrow-color:#86837E;'; SS_ENV.OptionNobrStyle = '' + ' font-size:12px;' + ' font-family:奔覆;'; // SaySelect Variables var SS_VAR = new Object(); SS_VAR.DivDummy = document.createElement("DIV"); SS_VAR.SelectList = new Array(); SS_VAR.bEventAttached = false; var SS_CreatedElements = new Object(); function unloadObjects() { try { if (SS_VAR && SS_VAR.SelectList) { for (key in SS_VAR.SelectList) { if (SS_VAR.SelectList[key]) { try { SS_VAR.SelectList[key].select.setAttribute('SS', 0); } catch (e) {}; delete SS_VAR.SelectList[key]; } } } } catch (e) {}; } attachEvent("onunload", unloadObjects); function SS_create (srcHTML, ListMax, bAutoDetect) { // property this.ssID = SS_VAR.SelectList.length; this.bOriginalSelect = (bAutoDetect && SS_ENV.IE_Version < 5.5); this.select = SS_createElement(srcHTML); this.selectedIndex = this.select.selectedIndex; this.options = this.select.options; this.width = parseInt(this.select.style.width); this.height = (this.select.style.height) ? parseInt(this.select.style.height) : SS_ENV.DefaultHeight; this.OptionHeight = this.height - 4; this.bListDown = (ListMax && '-'==ListMax.toString().substr(0, 1)) ? false : true; this.ListMax = (!isNaN(parseInt(ListMax))) ? Math.abs(ListMax) : 100; this.Table; this.TitleDiv; this.TitleTable; this.TitleWrapper; this.OptionsDiv; this.OptionsWrapper; this.OptionsTable; this.bFocused = false; this.bExpanded = false; this.bReverse = false; // private method this.isThisEventToBeCanceled = SS_isThisEventToBeCanceled; this.toggleTitle = SS_toggleTitle; this.syncSelectedIndex = SS_syncSelectedIndex; this.toggleOptions = SS_toggleOptions; this.turnOnOption = SS_turnOnOption; this.turnOffOption = SS_turnOffOption; this.handleMousewheel = SS_handleMousewheel; this.handleOverTitle = SS_handleOverTitle; this.handleOutTitle = SS_handleOutTitle; this.handleOverOption = SS_handleOverOption; this.createTable = SS_createTable; this.createTitleDiv = SS_createTitleDiv; this.createOptionsDiv = SS_createOptionsDiv; this.createOptionTr = SS_createOptionTr; this.adjustOptionsDiv = SS_adjustOptionsDiv; this.syncOptions = SS_syncOptions; this.pressOption = SS_pressOption; this.moveOption = SS_moveOption; this.releaseOption = SS_releaseOption; this.pressTitle = SS_pressTitle; this.releaseTitle = SS_releaseTitle; // public method this.display = SS_display; this.insertOption = SS_insertOption; this.deleteOption = SS_deleteOption; this.changeOption = SS_changeOption; // initiate this.createTable(); this.select.setAttribute('SS', this); if (!this.bOriginalSelect) this.select. SS_VAR.SelectList[this.ssID] = this; } function SS_display () { [removed]("<div id=SS_TempDiv></div>\n"); document.all.SS_TempDiv.appendChild(this.Table); document.all.SS_TempDiv.removeNode(); } function SS_write (srcHTML, ListMax, bAutoDetect) { var oSS = new SS_create(srcHTML, ListMax, bAutoDetect); oSS.display(); return oSS; } function SS_insertOption (value, innerText, idx) { var NewOption = document.createElement("OPTION"); SS_CreatedElements[SS_CreatedElements.length] = NewOption; this.options.add(NewOption, idx); NewOption.innerText = innerText; NewOption.value = value; if (!this.bOriginalSelect) this.createOptionTr(idx); this.syncOptions(); this.adjustOptionsDiv(); this.syncSelectedIndex(); } function SS_deleteOption (idx) { this.options.remove(idx); if (!this.bOriginalSelect) this.OptionsTable.deleteRow(idx); this.syncOptions(); this.adjustOptionsDiv(); this.syncSelectedIndex(); } function SS_changeOption (idx, value, innerText) { this.options[idx].value = value; this.options[idx].innerText = innerText; this.syncOptions(); this.syncSelectedIndex(); } function SS_cancelEvent (event) { event.cancelBubble = true; event.returnValue = false; } function SS_isThisEventToBeCanceled (event) { if ('object' == typeof(event)) { switch (event.type) { case 'mousedown': if (!(event.button & 1)) return true; break; case 'mouseup': if (!(event.button & 1)) return true; if (SS_ENV.IE_Version >= 5.5 && event.srcElement != this.srcElementOfLastMousedown && this.srcElementOfLastMousedown != null) { this.srcElementOfLastMousedown = null; return true; } break; case 'mouseout': if (!(SS_ENV.IE_Version < 5.5 && event.srcElement == this.srcElementOfLastMousedown)) return true; break; case 'mousemove': if (SS_ENV.IE_Version >= 5.5 && event.srcElement != this.srcElementOfLastMousedown && this.srcElementOfLastMousedown != null) return true; break; } } return false; } function SS_createElement (html) { SS_VAR.DivDummy.insertAdjacentHTML('afterBegin', html); var oEl = SS_VAR.DivDummy.children(0); while (SS_VAR.DivDummy.children.length > 0) { SS_VAR.DivDummy.removeChild(SS_VAR.DivDummy.children(0)); } return oEl; } function SS_blurExcept (except) { SS_cancelEvent(window.event); except = ('number'==typeof(except)) ? except : -1; var bHasToDetachEvent = true; for (var i=0; i < SS_VAR.SelectList.length; i++) { if (-1==except && SS_VAR.SelectList[i].bFocused && SS_VAR.SelectList[i].bExpanded) { SS_VAR.SelectList[i].toggleOptions(false, true); SS_VAR.SelectList[i].toggleTitle(true); bHasToDetachEvent = false; } else if (i!=except) { if (SS_VAR.SelectList[i].bExpanded) SS_VAR.SelectList[i].toggleOptions(false, true); if (SS_VAR.SelectList[i].bReverse) SS_VAR.SelectList[i].toggleTitle(false); SS_VAR.SelectList[i].bFocused = false; } } if (SS_VAR.bEventAttached && bHasToDetachEvent) { document.detachEvent('onmousedown', SS_blurExcept); document.detachEvent('ondblclick', SS_blurExcept); SS_VAR.bEventAttached = false; } } function SS_syncSelectedIndex () { this.selectedIndex = this.select.selectedIndex; if (this.bOriginalSelect) return; if (this.TitleTable.cells(0).childNodes(0).innerText != this.options[this.selectedIndex].innerText) this.TitleTable.cells(0).childNodes(0).innerText = this.options[this.selectedIndex].innerText; if (this.bExpanded) this.toggleOptions(false); } function SS_toggleTitle (bReverse) { this.bReverse = ('undefined'!=typeof(bReverse)) ? bReverse: (!this.bReverse); this.TitleTable.cells(0).style.backgroundColor = this.bReverse ? SS_ENV.CR.ReverseBackground : ''; this.TitleTable.cells(0).style.color = this.bReverse ? SS_ENV.CR.ReverseText : ''; } function SS_toggleOptions (bExpanded, bStrict) { if (!bStrict && !this.bFocused) { SS_blurExcept(this.ssID); } this.bExpanded = ('undefined'!=typeof(bExpanded)) ? bExpanded: (!this.bExpanded); if (this.bExpanded) { this.adjustOptionsDiv(); this.OptionsDiv.style.display = 'block'; if (!bStrict) { this.toggleTitle(false); this.handleOverOption(this.selectedIndex); } this.handleOutTitle(); } else { this.OptionsDiv.style.display = 'none'; if (!bStrict) { this.toggleTitle(true); } } if (!bStrict) { this.bFocused = true; if (!SS_VAR.bEventAttached) { document.attachEvent('onmousedown', SS_blurExcept); document.attachEvent('ondblclick', SS_blurExcept); SS_VAR.bEventAttached = true; } } } function SS_handlePropertychange () { if ('propertychange'==window.event.type && 'selectedIndex'==window.event.propertyName) { var oSS = window.event.srcElement.SS; oSS.syncSelectedIndex(); if (null != oSS.select.onchange) oSS.select.onchange(); } } function SS_handleMousewheel (event) { var idx = this.selectedIndex; if ('mousewheel'==event.type && this.bFocused && this.bReverse) { for (var i=0; i < event.wheelDelta; i += 120) idx--; for (var i=0; i > event.wheelDelta; i -= 120) idx++; } idx = Math.max(idx, 0); idx = Math.min(idx, this.options.length - 1); this.select.selectedIndex = idx; } function SS_handleOverTitle () { if (this.bExpanded) return; this.TitleTable.style.borderColor = SS_ENV.CR.BorderActive; this.TitleTable.cells(1).style.display = 'none'; this.TitleTable.cells(2).style.display = 'block'; } function SS_handleOutTitle () { this.TitleTable.style.borderColor = SS_ENV.CR.Border; this.TitleTable.cells(2).style.display = 'none'; this.TitleTable.cells(1).style.display = 'block'; } function SS_handleOverOption (idx) { for (var i=0; i < this.options.length; i++) { if (i==idx) this.turnOnOption(i); else this.turnOffOption(i); } } function SS_turnOnOption (idx) { this.OptionsTable.cells(idx).style.color = SS_ENV.CR.ReverseText; this.OptionsTable.cells(idx).style.backgroundColor = SS_ENV.CR.ReverseBackground; } function SS_turnOffOption (idx) { this.OptionsTable.cells(idx).style.color = ''; this.OptionsTable.cells(idx).style.backgroundColor = ''; } function SS_adjustOptionsDiv () { if (this.bOriginalSelect) return; this.OptionsDiv.style.width = this.width; this.OptionsDiv.style.height = Math.min(this.options.length, this.ListMax) * this.OptionHeight + 2; this.OptionsWrapper.style.height = this.options.length * this.OptionHeight; this.OptionsDiv.style.overflowY = (this.options.length > this.ListMax) ? 'scroll' : ''; var top = this.Table.offsetTop; var left = this.Table.offsetLeft; for (var El = this.Table.offsetParent; 'BODY'!=El.tagName && 'absolute'!=El.style.position && 'relative'!=El.style.position; El = El.offsetParent) { if ('TABLE' != El.tagName) { top += El.clientTop; left += El.clientLeft; } top += El.offsetTop; left += El.offsetLeft; } this.OptionsDiv.style.top = (this.bListDown) ? (top + this.height) : (top - parseInt(this.OptionsDiv.style.height)); this.OptionsDiv.style.left = left; this.TitleWrapper.style.top = 0; this.TitleWrapper.style.left = 0; } function SS_syncOptions () { if (this.bOriginalSelect) return; for (var i=0; i < this.options.length; i++) { this.OptionsTable.cells(i).setAttribute('index', i); if (this.OptionsTable.cells(i).childNodes(0).innerText != this.options[i].innerText) this.OptionsTable.cells(i).childNodes(0).innerText = this.options[i].innerText; } } function SS_pressTitle (event) { SS_cancelEvent(event); this.srcElementOfLastMousedown = event.srcElement; this.toggleOptions(); } function SS_releaseTitle (event) { SS_cancelEvent(event); if (this.isThisEventToBeCanceled(event)) return; this.srcElementOfLastMousedown = null; } function SS_pressOption (event) { SS_cancelEvent(event); this.srcElementOfLastMousedown = event.srcElement; } function SS_moveOption (event) { SS_cancelEvent(event); if (this.isThisEventToBeCanceled(event)) return; if (!(event.offsetX >= 0 && event.offsetX <= this.OptionsTable.offsetWidth)) return; this.handleOverOption(Math.floor(event.offsetY / this.OptionHeight)); } function SS_releaseOption (event) { SS_cancelEvent(event); if (this.isThisEventToBeCanceled(event)) return; this.srcElementOfLastMousedown = null; if (event.offsetX >= 0 && event.offsetX <= this.OptionsTable.offsetWidth) { this.toggleOptions(false); this.select.selectedIndex = Math.floor(event.offsetY / this.OptionHeight); } } function SS_createTable () { this.Table = SS_createElement("" + "<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 cursor:default'>" + "<tr><td></td></tr>" + "</table>" ); if (!isNaN(this.width)) this.Table.style.width = this.width; this.Table.style.height = this.height; if (!this.bOriginalSelect) { this.createTitleDiv(); this.createOptionsDiv(); this.Table.cells(0).appendChild(this.TitleDiv); this.Table.cells(0).appendChild(this.OptionsDiv); } else { this.Table.cells(0).appendChild(this.select); } } function SS_createTitleDiv () { this.TitleDiv = SS_createElement("" + "<div top:0; left:0;'>" + " <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=1" + " height="+this.height + " bgcolor=white" + " border:1 solid "+SS_ENV.CR.Border+";'" + " + " >" + " <tr>" + " <td><nobr + " <td width="+SS_ENV.ButtonWidth+" align=center + " <td width="+SS_ENV.ButtonWidth+" align=center + " <td ></td>" + " </tr>" + " </table>" + "</div>" ); this.TitleTable = this.TitleDiv.childNodes(0); this.TitleTable.cells(0).childNodes(0).innerText = this.options[this.selectedIndex].innerText; this.TitleTable.cells(1)[removed] = "<img src='btn_down.gif'>"; this.TitleTable.cells(2)[removed] = "<img src='btn_down_s.gif'>"; this.TitleTable.cells(3).appendChild(this.select); this.TitleWrapper = document.createElement("" + "<img SS_VAR.SelectList["+this.ssID+"].releaseTitle(window.event);' ); SS_CreatedElements[SS_CreatedElements.length] = this.TitleWrapper; this.TitleDiv.appendChild(this.TitleWrapper); } function SS_createOptionsDiv () { this.OptionsDiv = SS_createElement("" + "<div + " + " + ">" + " <table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=100% + " </table>" + "</div>" ); this.OptionsTable = this.OptionsDiv.childNodes(0); for (var i=0; i < this.options.length; i++) { this.createOptionTr(i); } this.syncOptions(); this.OptionsWrapper = document.createElement("" + "<img ); SS_CreatedElements[SS_CreatedElements.length] = this.OptionsWrapper; this.OptionsDiv.appendChild(this.OptionsWrapper); } function SS_createOptionTr (idx) { idx = ('undefined'!=typeof(idx)) ? idx : this.options.length - 1; var OptionTr = this.OptionsTable.insertRow(-1); var OptionTd = document.createElement("<td height="+this.OptionHeight+"></td>"); SS_CreatedElements[SS_CreatedElements.length] = this.OptionsTd; OptionTd.appendChild(document.createElement("<nobr OptionTr.appendChild(OptionTd); } [removed] </head> <body>[removed]SS_write("<select name=star>\n" +" <option value=\"\" selected>不限</option>\n" +"<option value=\"水瓶座\">水瓶座</option>" +"<option value=\"双鱼座\">双鱼座</option>" +"<option value=\"白羊座\">白羊座</option>" +"<option value=\"金牛座\">金牛座</option>" +"<option value=\"双子座\">双子座</option>" +"<option value=\"巨蟹座\">巨蟹座</option>" +"<option value=\"狮子座\">狮子座</option>" +"<option value=\"处女座\">处女座</option>" +"<option value=\"天秤座\">天秤座</option>" +"<option value=\"天蝎座\">天蝎座</option>" +"<option value=\"射手座\">射手座</option>" +"<option value=\"摩羯座\">摩羯座</option>" +"</select>\n"); [removed] <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>[removed]SS_write("<select name='province' >\n" +"<option value=\"\" selected>都行</option>\n" +"<option value=\"北京\">北京</option>" +"<option value=\"上海\">上海</option>" +"<option value=\"天津\">天津</option>" +"<option value=\"重庆\">重庆</option>" +"<option value=\"安徽\">安徽</option>" +"<option value=\"福建\">福建</option>" +"<option value=\"甘肃\">甘肃</option>" +"<option value=\"广东\">广东</option>" +"<option value=\"广西\">广西</option>" +"<option value=\"贵州\">贵州</option>" +"<option value=\"海南\">海南</option>" +"<option value=\"河北\">河北</option>" +"<option value=\"黑龙江\">黑龙江</option>" +"<option value=\"河南\">河南</option>" +"<option value=\"湖北\">湖北</option>" +"<option value=\"湖南\">湖南</option>" +"<option value=\"内蒙古\">内蒙古</option>" +"<option value=\"江苏\">江苏</option>" +"<option value=\"江西\">江西</option>" +"<option value=\"吉林\">吉林</option>" +"<option value=\"辽宁\">辽宁</option>" +"<option value=\"宁夏\">宁夏</option>" +"<option value=\"青海\">青海</option>" +"<option value=\"山西\">山西</option>" +"<option value=\"陕西\">陕西</option>" +"<option value=\"山东\">山东</option>" +"<option value=\"四川\">四川</option>" +"<option value=\"江西\">江西</option>" +"<option value=\"西藏\">西藏</option>" +"<option value=\"新疆\">新疆</option>" +"<option value=\"云南\">云南</option>" +"<option value=\"浙江\">浙江</option>" +"<option value=\"其它\">其它</option>" +"</select>\n",8); [removed]</td> </tr> </table> <br>
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