Service
一.Service介绍
1.Service,服务,是四大组件之一, 和Activity 非常相似, 一般运行在后台, 没有用户界面, 可执行的程序
2.Activity 和 Service的区别
(1)不同点:
Activity : 可以和用户交互, 页面可见
Service : 后台运行, 没有界面
(2)相同点:在清单文件中注册, 都有自己的生命周期
二.Service特点
service在后台运行,不用与用户进行交互。即使应用退出,服务也不会停止。
当应用进程被杀死时,服务便会停止
service运行在主线程中,当需要执行耗时操作的时候,需要在服务中创建子线程完成
service 的用途:播放音乐;后台下载大文件
创建Service
1, 定义一个类, 继承Service
2, 重写父类的方法, onBind() — 必须重写的方法
3, 在清单文件中, 注册Service
Service的生命周期以及启动方式:
1.启动方式:onCreate() — onStartCommand() — onDestroy()
开启服务:startService()
停止服务:stopService()
注意:多次启动一个服务, 不会执行onCreate(), 每次都会执行onStartCommand()
2.绑定方式:onCreate() – onBind() — onUnbind() — onDestroy()
绑定服务:bindService()
解除绑定:unbindService()
注意:同一个服务, 只能被同一个启动源, 绑定一次, 除非解绑后, 可以再次绑定
3.先启动后绑定(常用): onCreate() – onStartCommand() – onBind() — onUnbind() – onDestroy()
onCreate():服务被创建时调用
onStartCommand():服务被启动时调用
onBind():服务被绑定时调用
onUnbind():服务解除绑定时调用
onDestroy():服务被销毁时调用
startService和bindService的区别
start方式 一旦开启,长期后台运行,和Activity没有关系 开启者Activity不能调用服务里的方法
bind方式 如果开启者(Activity)退出了,服务也会跟着挂掉 开启者(Activity)可以间接的利用中间人调用服务里面的方法
//案例 音乐播放器
//清单文件注册服务
<service android:name=".MyMusicService"></service>
//主类
/**
* mediaplayer:
* start():播放
* pause():暂停
* setDataSource():设置资源
* prepare():准备
* getDuration():获取音乐的总时长,毫秒值为单位
* getCurrentPosition():获得当前的歌的进度,以毫秒值为单位
* seekTo(position) :让歌指定到某个位置
* */
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Intent intent;
MyMusicService mymusicService;
TextView textView_pro,textView_zong;
Timer timer;
SeekBar seekBar;
boolean flag=true;
Button button;
@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
Handler handler=new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
if (msg.what==101){
long current = mymusicService.getCurrent();
long duaration = mymusicService.getDuaration();
Date date = new Date(current);
SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss");
String format = sdf.format(date);
Date date1=new Date(duaration);
String format1 = sdf.format(date1);
textView_pro.setText(format+"");
textView_zong.setText(format1+"");
seekBar.setMax((int) mymusicService.getDuaration());
seekBar.setProgress((int) mymusicService.getCurrent());
}
}
};
ServiceConnection connection=new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
MyMusicService.MyMusicBinder myMusicBinder= (MyMusicService.MyMusicBinder) service;
mymusicService= myMusicBinder.getService();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "绑定成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
timer=new Timer();
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
handler.sendEmptyMessage(101);
}
},0,1000);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};
Button button_next,button_last;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button=findViewById(R.id.s);
button_next=findViewById(R.id.btn_next);
button_last=findViewById(R.id.btn_last);
textView_pro=findViewById(R.id.tv_pro);
textView_zong=findViewById(R.id.tv_zong);
seekBar=findViewById(R.id.seekbar);
intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyMusicService.class);
startService(intent);
bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) { }
@Override
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) { }
@Override
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
mymusicService.seekTo(seekBar.getProgress());
}
});
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1)
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (flag==true){
mymusicService.play();
button.setCompoundDrawablesRelativeWithIntrinsicBounds(0,R.drawable.stop,0,0);
flag=false;
}else if (flag==false){
mymusicService.pause();
button.setCompoundDrawablesRelativeWithIntrinsicBounds(0,R.drawable.start,0,0);
flag=true;
}
}
});
button_next.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mymusicService.next();
}
});
button_last.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mymusicService.last();
}
});
}
//一般在暂停解除注册广播 EventBus 解除服务的绑定
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
unbindService(connection);
stopService(intent);
}
}
//音乐播放器服务类
public class MyMusicService extends Service {
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer=new MediaPlayer();
ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
int index=0;
//第一个生命周期:初始化数据
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
list.add("/sdcard/Music/Always Online - 林俊杰.mp3");
list.add("/sdcard/Music/Close To You - Aventry _ LoaX _ Rosendale.mp3");
list.add("/sdcard/Music/Holding On Alone - Trademark.mp3");
list.add("/sdcard/Music/Into You - Matisse & Sadko.mp3");
list.add("/sdcard/Music/Reckless - Gareth Emery _ Wayward Daughter.mp3");
try {
mediaPlayer.reset();//重置资源
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(list.get(index));//为设置歌曲资源
mediaPlayer.prepare();//准备
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//第二个生命周期
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
//第三个生命周期:返回代理人
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return new MyMusicBinder();
}
class MyMusicBinder extends Binder{
public MyMusicService getService(){
return MyMusicService.this;
}
}
//播放
public void play(){
if (mediaPlayer!=null){
mediaPlayer.start();
}
}
//暂停
public void pause(){
if (mediaPlayer!=null){
mediaPlayer.pause();
}
}
//下一首
public void next(){
try {
index++;
if (index==list.size()){
index=0;
mediaPlayer.reset();
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(list.get(index));
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
@Override
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}
});
}else {
mediaPlayer.reset();
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(list.get(index));
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
@Override
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}
});
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//上一首
public void last(){
try {
index--;
if (index<0){
index=list.size();
mediaPlayer.reset();
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(list.get(index-1));
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
@Override
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}
});
}else {
mediaPlayer.reset();
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(list.get(index));
mediaPlayer.prepare();
mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
@Override
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
mediaPlayer.start();
}
});
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public long getDuaration(){
if (mediaPlayer!=null){
return mediaPlayer.getDuration();
}else {
return 0;
}
}
public long getCurrent(){
if (mediaPlayer!=null){
return mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
}else {
return 0;
}
}
public void seekTo(int position){
if (mediaPlayer!=null){
mediaPlayer.seekTo(position);
}
}
}