tensorflow复习日记（四）BP

下面直接换个有隐藏层的BP：100个隐藏节点，tanh做激活函数：
代码如下：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#mnist已经作为官方的例子，做好了数据下载，分割，转浮点等一系列工作，源码在tensorflow源码中都可以找到
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

# 配置每个 GPU 上占用的内存的比例
# 没有GPU直接sess = tf.Session()
gpu_options = tf.GPUOptions(per_process_gpu_memory_fraction=0.95)
sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(gpu_options=gpu_options))

#每个批次的大小
batch_size = 100
#定义训练轮数据
train_epoch = 10
#定义每n轮输出一次
test_epoch_n = 1

#计算一共有多少批次
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size
print("batch_size="+str(batch_size)+"n_batch="+str(n_batch))

#占位符，定义了输入，输出
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None, 784]) 
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None, 10]) 
#权重和偏置，使用0初始化
W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784,100],stddev=0.1))
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([100]))
L1 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(x,W1)+b1)

W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([100,10],stddev=0.1))
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))
L2 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(L1,W2)+b2)

#这里定义的网络结构
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(L2)

#损失函数是交叉熵
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y,logits=prediction))
#训练方法：
#train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01).minimize(cross_entropy)
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-2).minimize(cross_entropy)
#初始化sess中所有变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer() 
sess.run(init) 

MaxACC = 0#最好的ACC
saver = tf.train.Saver()  

#训练n个epoch
for epoch in range(train_epoch): 
    for batch in range(n_batch):
        batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size) 
        sess.run(train_step, feed_dict = {x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys}) 
    if(0==(epoch%test_epoch_n)):#每若干次预测test一次
        #计算test集的准确率
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(prediction,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32)) 
        now_acc=sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels})
        print('epoch=',epoch,'ACC=',now_acc,'train acc =',sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.train.images, y: mnist.train.labels}))
        if(now_acc>MaxACC):
            MaxACC = now_acc
            saver.save(sess, "Model/ModelSoftmax.ckpt")  
            print('Save model! Now ACC=',MaxACC)

#计算最终test集的准确率
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(prediction,1), tf.argmax(y,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32)) 
print('Train OK! epoch=',epoch,'ACC=',sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels}))

#关闭sess
sess.close()

#读取模型
gpu_options = tf.GPUOptions(per_process_gpu_memory_fraction=0.95)
with tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(gpu_options=gpu_options)) as sess:
    saver.restore(sess, "./Model/ModelSoftmax.ckpt") # 注意此处路径前添加"./"  
    print('Load Model OK!')
    print('ACC=',sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels}))

最后结果：
epoch= 0 ACC= 0.9566 train acc = 0.964236
Save model! Now ACC= 0.9566
epoch= 1 ACC= 0.9534 train acc = 0.961218
epoch= 2 ACC= 0.9582 train acc = 0.966436
Save model! Now ACC= 0.9582
epoch= 3 ACC= 0.9558 train acc = 0.964545
epoch= 4 ACC= 0.9573 train acc = 0.9676
epoch= 5 ACC= 0.9572 train acc = 0.965782
epoch= 6 ACC= 0.9605 train acc = 0.970691
Save model! Now ACC= 0.9605
epoch= 7 ACC= 0.9538 train acc = 0.967218
epoch= 8 ACC= 0.9595 train acc = 0.9688
epoch= 9 ACC= 0.9581 train acc = 0.968018
Train OK! epoch= 9 ACC= 0.9581
实验开始：
1）激活函数换成relu+relu，acc=0.5857，为啥变烂了？
2）激活函数换成tanh+relu，acc=0.9582
3）激活函数换成relu+tanh，acc=0.9582
4）激活函数换成tanh+relu，acc=0.9626
5）激活函数换成sigmoid+sigmoid，acc=0.9679
6）激活函数换成sigmoid+relu，acc=0.3853，烂！
7）激活函数换成sigmoid+tanh，acc=0.7853
8）修改偏置

b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([100])+0.1)

激活函数换成relu+relu，acc= 0.8658，说明relu一定要避免死节点的问题！
8）换成784->400->100->10，sigmoid+sigmoid+sigmoid
ACC= 0.9753！说明网络结构的影响非常大！
9）784->400->100->10，batch_size = 20
acc=0.7896，可见batch_size影响也是很大的
10）784->400->100->10，batch_size = 200
acc=0.979
11）换成784->400->200->10，sigmoid+sigmoid+sigmoid
ACC= 0.9772！说明网络越复杂，拟合能力越强，但此时容易出现过拟合情况