Java 的 ClassLoader 简要说明

类加载器

• Bootstrap ClassLoader 是C/C++编写的Native类，由JVM来执行的
• Extention ClassLoader 继承 URLClassLoader 继承 SecureClassLoader 继承 ClassLoader (参看下面类图和关系图)
• Appclass Loader 同上 . 继承 URLClassLoader 类

类加载器的执行顺序和加载目录

1. Bootstrap ClassLoader 加载的目录 ( C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_121\lib\ ) jre目录
2. Extention ClassLoader 加载的目录 ( C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_121\lib\ext\ ) jre ext目录
3. Appclass Loader 加载的目录 ( D:\project\ClassLoaderDemo\bin\ ) 当前java工程 bin 目录
4. 自定义 ClassLoader 加载的目录 ( 自定义 )

protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            // 首先，检测是否已经加载
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                    if (parent != null) {
                        //父加载器不为空则调用父加载器的loadClass
                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
                    } else {
                        //父加载器为空则调用Bootstrap Classloader
                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
                    // from the non-null parent class loader
                }

                if (c == null) {
                    // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
                    // to find the class.
                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                    //父加载器没有找到，则调用findclass
                    c = findClass(name);

                    // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
                }
            }
            if (resolve) {
                //调用resolveClass()
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

要点：

• 自定义加载器必须继承ClassLoader类 , 自定义加载器的父加载器是 Appclass Loader
• 每个Thread都有一个相关联的ClassLoader，默认是AppClassLoader
• setContextClassLoader 方法可以改变Thread的ClassLoader
• AppClassLoader的父加载器是 ExtClassLoader

// Java 程序启动器
public class Launcher {
    private static Launcher launcher = new Launcher();
    private static String bootClassPath =
        System.getProperty("sun.boot.class.path");

    public static Launcher getLauncher() {
        return launcher;
    }

    private ClassLoader loader;

    public Launcher() {
        // Create the extension class loader
        ClassLoader extcl;
        try {
            extcl = ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new InternalError(
                "Could not create extension class loader", e);
        }

        // Now create the class loader to use to launch the application
        try {
            loader = AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(extcl);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new InternalError(
                "Could not create application class loader", e);
        }

        //设置AppClassLoader为线程上下文类加载器，这个文章后面部分讲解
        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(loader);
    }

    /*
     * Returns the class loader used to launch the main application.
     * 默认为main application
     */
    public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        return loader;
    }
    /*
     * The class loader used for loading installed extensions.
     */
    static class ExtClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {}

/**
     * The class loader used for loading from java.class.path.
     * runs in a restricted security context.
     */
    static class AppClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {}


/// ClassLoader 代码片段
public abstract class ClassLoader {

// The parent class loader for delegation
// Note: VM hardcoded the offset of this field, thus all new fields
// must be added *after* it.
private final ClassLoader parent;
// The class loader for the system
    // @GuardedBy("ClassLoader.class")
private static ClassLoader scl;

private ClassLoader(Void unused, ClassLoader parent) {
    this.parent = parent;
    ...
}
protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
    this(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);
}

///没有指定父类，调用getSystemClassLoader
protected ClassLoader() {
    this(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());
}
public final ClassLoader getParent() {
    if (parent == null)
        return null;
    return parent;
}
public static ClassLoader getSystemClassLoader() {
    initSystemClassLoader();
    if (scl == null) {
        return null;
    }
    return scl;
}

private static synchronized void initSystemClassLoader() {
    if (!sclSet) {
        if (scl != null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("recursive invocation");
        sun.misc.Launcher l = sun.misc.Launcher.getLauncher();
        if (l != null) {
            Throwable oops = null;
            //通过Launcher获取ClassLoader，所以默认就是AppClassLoader
            scl = l.getClassLoader();
            try {
                scl = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new SystemClassLoaderAction(scl));
            } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                oops = pae.getCause();
                if (oops instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
                    oops = oops.getCause();
                }
            }
            if (oops != null) {
                if (oops instanceof Error) {
                    throw (Error) oops;
                } else {
                    // wrap the exception
                    throw new Error(oops);
                }
            }
        }
        sclSet = true;
    }
}
}

破坏双亲加载模式

继承 ClassLoader类，然后重写loadClass和findClass方法,，双亲加载模式就嗝屁了

UML类图

引用

• 一看你就懂，超详细java中的ClassLoader详解
• java 详解类加载器的双亲委派及打破双亲委派