openpyxl3.0官方文档（16）—— 股价图

在工作表上按特定顺序排列列或行中的数据可以在股价图中显示。顾名思义，股价图表最常用来说明股票价格的波动。但此图表也可用于科学数据。例如，可以使用股价图来指示日或年温度的波动。为来创建创建股价图，必须按正确的顺序组织数据。
股价图的数据在工作表中的排列方式非常重要。对于例如，要创建一个简单的盘高-盘低-收盘股价图，您应该按该顺序排列数据，将盘高、盘低和收盘作为列标题输入。
尽管股价图是一种不同的类型，但各种类型只是特定格式选项的快捷方式：

• 盘高-盘低-收盘图基本上是一个没有直线的折线图，并且标记到XYZ。设置hiLoLines为True。
• 开盘-盘高-盘低-收盘图与盘高-盘低-收盘图相同，每个数据点的标记设置为XZZ和upDownLines。
  成交量可以通过组合股价图和成交量条形图来实现。

    from datetime import date
    
    from openpyxl import Workbook
    
    from openpyxl.chart import (
        BarChart,
        StockChart,
        Reference,
        Series,
    )
    from openpyxl.chart.axis import DateAxis, ChartLines
    from openpyxl.chart.updown_bars import UpDownBars
    
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active
    
    rows = [
       ['Date',      'Volume','Open', 'High', 'Low', 'Close'],
       ['2015-01-01', 20000,    26.2, 27.20, 23.49, 25.45,  ],
       ['2015-01-02', 10000,    25.45, 25.03, 19.55, 23.05, ],
       ['2015-01-03', 15000,    23.05, 24.46, 20.03, 22.42, ],
       ['2015-01-04', 2000,     22.42, 23.97, 20.07, 21.90, ],
       ['2015-01-05', 12000,    21.9, 23.65, 19.50, 21.51,  ],
    ]
    
    for row in rows:
        ws.append(row)
    
    # High-low-close
    c1 = StockChart()
    labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=6)
    data = Reference(ws, min_col=4, max_col=6, min_row=1, max_row=6)
    c1.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
    c1.set_categories(labels)
    for s in c1.series:
        s.graphicalProperties.line.noFill = True
    # marker for close
    s.marker.symbol = "dot"
    s.marker.size = 5
    c1.title = "High-low-close"
    c1.hiLowLines = ChartLines()
    
    # Excel is broken and needs a cache of values in order to display hiLoLines :-/
    from openpyxl.chart.data_source import NumData, NumVal
    pts = [NumVal(idx=i) for i in range(len(data) - 1)]
    cache = NumData(pt=pts)
    c1.series[-1].val.numRef.numCache = cache
    
    ws.add_chart(c1, "A10")
    
    # Open-high-low-close
    c2 = StockChart()
    data = Reference(ws, min_col=3, max_col=6, min_row=1, max_row=6)
    c2.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
    c2.set_categories(labels)
    for s in c2.series:
        s.graphicalProperties.line.noFill = True
    c2.hiLowLines = ChartLines()
    c2.upDownBars = UpDownBars()
    c2.title = "Open-high-low-close"
    
    # add dummy cache
    c2.series[-1].val.numRef.numCache = cache
    
    ws.add_chart(c2, "G10")
    
    # Create bar chart for volume
    
    bar = BarChart()
    data =  Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=6)
    bar.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
    bar.set_categories(labels)
    
    from copy import deepcopy
    
    # Volume-high-low-close
    b1 = deepcopy(bar)
    c3 = deepcopy(c1)
    c3.y_axis.majorGridlines = None
    c3.y_axis.title = "Price"
    b1.y_axis.axId = 20
    b1.z_axis = c3.y_axis
    b1.y_axis.crosses = "max"
    b1 += c3
    
    c3.title = "High low close volume"
    
    ws.add_chart(b1, "A27")
    
    ## Volume-open-high-low-close
    b2 = deepcopy(bar)
    c4 = deepcopy(c2)
    c4.y_axis.majorGridlines = None
    c4.y_axis.title = "Price"
    b2.y_axis.axId = 20
    b2.z_axis = c4.y_axis
    b2.y_axis.crosses = "max"
    b2 += c4
    
    ws.add_chart(b2, "G27")
    
    wb.save("stock.xlsx")
    

由于Excel中的问题，只有当至少一个数据系列具有一些伪值时，才会显示高低行。这可以通过以下方法完成：

    from openpyxl.chart.data_source import NumData, NumVal
    pts = [NumVal(idx=i) for i in range(len(data) - 1)]
    cache = NumData(pt=pts)
    c1.series[-1].val.numRef.numCache = cache