java 适合于restful规则的http通信

restful规则：http://www.cnblogs.com/tommyli/p/3913018.html

http必知必会：http://www.imooc.com/article/1851

resteasy中put，post，get，delete这些请求类型中都可以通过@PathParam、@QueryParam、@FormParam这三种方式获取数据。具体采用哪种获取数据不是接收方决定的，而是请求方决定的。它把数据放到url的path路径中就得用@PathParam获取，他把数据放到query中就得用@QueryParam，它如果把数据用表单的形式提交的话，就得用@FormParam获取参数。

java通信有很多种类可调用

最常用的是httpClient, PostMethod、GetMethod等这种的，他们的maven包：

 <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
</dependency>

还有一种就是sun.net.www包中的原始http请求HttpURLConnection。在使用put请求时，PutMethod方法中的参数只能通过@QueryParam获取，这与前端js代码不一致，前端代码是用@FormParam的，所以我们就用HttpURLConnection来实现了，详情看本文的put请求方法调用。本文中用到的HttpClientResponse为自己写的class，在文章最后

package com.flyread.optwebcontainer.biz.httpRequest;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.DeleteMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PutMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * http对象，
 * Created by sff on 2017/2/28.
 */
public class HttpClientUtil{

    /**
     * get请求   这里面的请求的数据要用@QueryParam来获取，@FormParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static  HttpClientResponse getHttp( String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return getHttp(url, params, 60000);
    }
    public static  HttpClientResponse getHttp(String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
        List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()){
            list.add(new NameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
        }
        NameValuePair[] paramsArray = new NameValuePair[list.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++){
            paramsArray[i] = list.get(i);
        }
        /**
         * 如果是用 setQueryString(paramsArray);方法的在restful的java端是用@QueryParam 获取的
         * 如果是用  postMethod.addParameter(new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));;方法的在restful的java端是用@FormParam 获取的
         * */
        getMethod.setQueryString(paramsArray);
        //链接超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
        //读取超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
        return httpConnect(httpClient, getMethod);
    }

    /**
     * post请求  这里面的请求的数据要用@FormParam来获取，@QueryParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static HttpClientResponse postHttp(String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return postHttp(url, params, 60000);
    }
    public static  HttpClientResponse postHttp( String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        httpClient.getParams().setContentCharset("UTF-8");
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
            postMethod.addParameter(new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
        }
        //链接超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
        //读取超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
        return httpConnect(httpClient, postMethod);
    }

    /**
     * put请求   这里面的请求的数据要用@QueryParam来获取，@FormParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * put请求问题，这里的put请求，传参的时候，putmethod只有setQueryString方法，这样的话在restful后台只能用@QueryParam来获取
     *              就不能用@FormParam来获取参数，但是前端的js($.ajax)如果用put请求的话，是要用@FormParam获取参数，所以这里出现了问题
     * @return
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static HttpClientResponse putHttp(String type, String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return putHttp(url, params, 60000);
    }
    @Deprecated
    public static HttpClientResponse putHttp(String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()){
            list.add(new NameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
        }
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        PutMethod putMethod = new PutMethod(url);
        NameValuePair[] paramsArray = new NameValuePair[list.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++){
            paramsArray[i] = list.get(i);
        }
        putMethod.setQueryString(paramsArray);
        putMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
        //链接超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
        //读取超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
        return httpConnect(httpClient, putMethod);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求  这里面的请求的数据要用@QueryParam来获取，@FormParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * 和put请求一模一样，前端js访问要@FormParam获取参数，@QueryParam获取不到js传的参数。
     * @return
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static HttpClientResponse deleteHttp(String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return deleteHttp(url, params, 60000);
    }
    @Deprecated
    public static HttpClientResponse deleteHttp(String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for(Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()){
            list.add(new NameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
        }
        NameValuePair[] paramsArray = new NameValuePair[list.size()];
        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++){
            paramsArray[i] = list.get(i);
        }
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        DeleteMethod deleteMethod = new DeleteMethod(url);
        deleteMethod.setQueryString(paramsArray);
        deleteMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
        //链接超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(timeout);
        //读取超时
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setSoTimeout(timeout);
        return httpConnect(httpClient, deleteMethod);
    }

    public static HttpClientResponse httpConnect(HttpClient httpClient, HttpMethodBase httpMethodBase){
        HttpClientResponse httpClientResponse = new HttpClientResponse();
        httpClientResponse.setSuccess(true);
        try{
            httpClient.executeMethod(httpMethodBase);
            ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            InputStream in = httpMethodBase.getResponseBodyAsStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//为输入流添加缓冲
            String content = "";
            String info = "";
            while((info = br.readLine())!= null) {
                content = content + info;
            }
            return new HttpClientResponse(content);
        } catch (HttpException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            httpClientResponse.setSuccess(false);
            httpClientResponse.setMsg(e.getMessage());
            httpClientResponse.setThrowable(e);
        } catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            httpClientResponse.setSuccess(false);
            httpClientResponse.setMsg(e.getMessage());
            httpClientResponse.setThrowable(e);
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            httpClientResponse.setSuccess(false);
            httpClientResponse.setMsg(e.getMessage());
            httpClientResponse.setThrowable(e);
        }  finally{
            //释放连接
            httpMethodBase.releaseConnection();
        }
        return httpClientResponse;
    }

    /**
     * put请求   这里面的请求的数据要用@FormParam来获取，@QueryParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static HttpClientResponse putHttpURLConnection(String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return putDeleteHttpConnect("PUT", url, params, 60000);
    }
    public static HttpClientResponse putHttpURLConnection(String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        return putDeleteHttpConnect("PUT", url, params, timeout);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求   这里面的请求的数据要用@FormParam来获取，@QueryParam获取不到
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static HttpClientResponse deleteHttpURLConnection(String url, Map<String, String> params){
        return putDeleteHttpConnect("DELETE", url, params, 60000);
    }
    public static HttpClientResponse deleteHttpURLConnection(String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        return putDeleteHttpConnect("DELETE", url, params, timeout);
    }

    public static HttpClientResponse putDeleteHttpConnect(String type, String url, Map<String, String> params, int timeout){
        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
        try{
            URL url1 = new URL(url);
            //打开restful链接
            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
            // 提交模式
            conn.setRequestMethod(type);//POST GET PUT DELETE 必须大写PUT，put为错误的
            //设置访问提交模式，表单提交
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);//连接超时 单位毫秒
            conn.setReadTimeout(timeout);//读取超时 单位毫秒
            conn.setDoOutput(true);// 是否输入参数
            StringBuffer paramsBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            // 表单参数与get形式一样
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                paramsBuffer.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue());
            }
            byte[] bypes = paramsBuffer.toString().getBytes();
            conn.getOutputStream().write(bypes);// 输入参数
            //读取请求返回值
            InputStream inStream=conn.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(inStream);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//为输入流添加缓冲
            String content = "";
            String info = "";
            while((info = br.readLine())!= null) {
                content = content + info;
            }
            return new HttpClientResponse(new String(content.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e){
            return new HttpClientResponse(e.getMessage(), e);
        } finally {
            if(conn != null){
                conn.disconnect();
            }
        }
    }
}

HttpClientResponse

package com.flyread.optwebcontainer.biz.httpRequest;

import flyread.lang.result.SerialException;

/**
 * http请求返回结果
 * Created by sff on 2017/3/3.
 */
public class HttpClientResponse {
    //返回结果是否正确
    private boolean isSuccess;
    //返回的结果
    private String content ;
    //请求异常时提示信息
    private String msg;
    //请求异常
    private Throwable throwable;

    public HttpClientResponse() {

    }
    public HttpClientResponse(String content) {
        this.content = content;
        this.isSuccess = true;
    }

    public HttpClientResponse(String msg, Throwable cause) {
        this.isSuccess = false;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.throwable = cause;
    }

    public HttpClientResponse(String content, boolean isSuccess, String msg, SerialException cause) {
        this.content = content;
        this.isSuccess = isSuccess;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.throwable = cause;
    }

    public Throwable getThrowable() {
        return throwable;
    }

    public void setThrowable(Throwable throwable) {
        this.throwable = throwable;
    }

    public boolean isSuccess() {
        return isSuccess;
    }

    public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
        isSuccess = success;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}