树的存储结构:
利用链表组织树中的各个结点
链表中的前后关系不代表结点间的逻辑关系
结点的逻辑关系由 child 数据域描述
child 数据域保存其他结点的存储地址
树结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_GTreeNode GTreeNode;
struct _tag_GTreeNode
{
GTreeData* data;
GTreeNode* parent;
LinkList* child;
};
链表结点结构体
typedef struct _tag_LinkList
{
LinkListNode header;
int length;
} TLinkList;
树结点在链表中的位置不代表树的任何逻辑关系。
下面给出代码:
首先是线性表的头文件LinkList.h
#ifndef _LINKLIST_H_
#define _LINKLIST_H_
typedef void LinkList;
typedef struct _tag_LinkListNode LinkListNode;
struct _tag_LinkListNode
{
LinkListNode* next;
};
LinkList* LinkList_Create();
void LinkList_Destroy(LinkList* list);
void LinkList_Clear(LinkList* list);
int LinkList_Length(LinkList* list);
int LinkList_Insert(LinkList* list, LinkListNode* node, int pos);
LinkListNode* LinkList_Get(LinkList* list, int pos);
LinkListNode* LinkList_Delete(LinkList* list, int pos);
#endif
线性表的实现文件LinkList.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "LinkList.h"
typedef struct _tag_LinkList
{
LinkListNode header;
int length;
} TLinkList;
LinkList* LinkList_Create() // O(1)
{
TLinkList* ret = (TLinkList*)malloc(sizeof(TLinkList));
if( ret != NULL )
{
ret->length = 0;
ret->header.next = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
void LinkList_Destroy(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
free(list);
}
void LinkList_Clear(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
if( sList != NULL )
{
sList->length = 0;
sList->header.next = NULL;
}
}
int LinkList_Length(LinkList* list) // O(1)
{
TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
int ret = -1;
if( sList != NULL )
{
ret = sList->length;
}
return ret;
}
int LinkList_Insert(LinkList* list, LinkListNode* node, int pos) // O(n)
{
TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
int ret = (sList != NULL) && (pos >= 0) && (node != NULL);
int i = 0;
if( ret )
{
LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;
for(i=0; (i<pos) && (current->next != NULL); i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
node->next = current->next;
current->next = node;
sList->length++;
}
return ret;
}
LinkListNode* LinkList_Get(LinkList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
LinkListNode* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if( (sList != NULL) && (0 <= pos) && (pos < sList->length) )
{
LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;
for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
ret = current->next;
}
return ret;
}
LinkListNode* LinkList_Delete(LinkList* list, int pos) // O(n)
{
TLinkList* sList = (TLinkList*)list;
LinkListNode* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if( (sList != NULL) && (0 <= pos) && (pos < sList->length) )
{
LinkListNode* current = (LinkListNode*)sList;
for(i=0; i<pos; i++)
{
current = current->next;
}
ret = current->next;
current->next = ret->next;
sList->length--;
}
return ret;
}
树定义头文件GTree.h
#ifndef _TREE_H_
#define _TREE_H_
typedef void Tree;
typedef void TreeNode;
/* 创建树 */
Tree* Tree_Create();
/* 销毁已存在的树 */
void Tree_Destroy(Tree* tree);
/* 将已存在的树清空为空树 */
void Tree_Clear(Tree* tree);
/* 将结点node插入到tree中的pos位置处 */
int Tree_Insert(Tree* tree, TreeNode* node, int pos);
/* 将tree中pos位置的结点删除并返回 */
TreeNode* Tree_Delete(Tree* tree, int pos);
/* 将tree中pos位置的结点返回 */
TreeNode* Tree_Get(Tree* tree, int pos);
/* 返回tree的根结点 */
TreeNode* Tree_Root(Tree* tree);
/* 返回tree的高度 */
int Tree_Height(Tree* tree);
/* 返回树的结点数 */
int Tree_Count(Tree* tree);
/* 返回树的度数 */
int Tree_Degree(Tree* tree);
#endif
树实现文件GTree.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "GTree.h"
#include "LinkList.h"
typedef struct _tag_GTreeNode GTreeNode;
struct _tag_GTreeNode
{
GTreeData* data;
GTreeNode* parent;
LinkList* child;
};
typedef struct _tag_TLNode TLNode;
struct _tag_TLNode
{
LinkListNode header;
GTreeNode* node;
};
static void recursive_display(GTreeNode* node, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int format, int gap, char div)
{
int i = 0;
if( (node != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
{
for(i=0; i<format; i++)
{
printf("%c", div);
}
pFunc(node->data);
printf("\n");
for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
}
}
}
static void recursive_delete(LinkList* list, GTreeNode* node)
{
if( (list != NULL) && (node != NULL) )
{
GTreeNode* parent = node->parent;
int index = -1;
int i = 0;
for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(list); i++)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, i);
if( trNode->node == node )
{
LinkList_Delete(list, i);
free(trNode);
index = i;
break;
}
}
if( index >= 0 )
{
if( parent != NULL )
{
for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(parent->child); i++)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(parent->child, i);
if( trNode->node == node )
{
LinkList_Delete(parent->child, i);
free(trNode);
break;
}
}
}
while( LinkList_Length(node->child) > 0 )
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, 0);
recursive_delete(list, trNode->node);
}
LinkList_Destroy(node->child);
free(node);
}
}
}
static int recursive_height(GTreeNode* node)
{
int ret = 0;
if( node != NULL )
{
int subHeight = 0;
int i = 0;
for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
subHeight = recursive_height(trNode->node);
if( ret < subHeight )
{
ret = subHeight;
}
}
ret = ret + 1;
}
return ret;
}
static int recursive_degree(GTreeNode* node)
{
int ret = -1;
if( node != NULL )
{
int subDegree = 0;
int i = 0;
ret = LinkList_Length(node->child);
for(i=0; i<LinkList_Length(node->child); i++)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(node->child, i);
subDegree = recursive_degree(trNode->node);
if( ret < subDegree )
{
ret = subDegree;
}
}
}
return ret;
}
GTree* GTree_Create()
{
return LinkList_Create();
}
void GTree_Destroy(GTree* tree)
{
GTree_Clear(tree);
LinkList_Destroy(tree);
}
void GTree_Clear(GTree* tree)
{
GTree_Delete(tree, 0);
}
int GTree_Insert(GTree* tree, GTreeData* data, int pPos)
{
LinkList* list = (LinkList*)tree;
int ret = (list != NULL) && (data != NULL) && (pPos < LinkList_Length(list));
if( ret )
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode));
TLNode* cldNode = (TLNode*)malloc(sizeof(TLNode));
TLNode* pNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(list, pPos);
GTreeNode* cNode = (GTreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(GTreeNode));
ret = (trNode != NULL) && (cldNode != NULL) && (cNode != NULL);
if( ret )
{
cNode->data = data;
cNode->parent = NULL;
cNode->child = LinkList_Create();
trNode->node = cNode;
cldNode->node = cNode;
LinkList_Insert(list, (LinkListNode*)trNode, LinkList_Length(list));
if( pNode != NULL )
{
cNode->parent = pNode->node;
LinkList_Insert(pNode->node->child, (LinkListNode*)cldNode, LinkList_Length(pNode->node->child));
}
}
else
{
free(trNode);
free(cldNode);
free(cNode);
}
}
return ret;
}
GTreeData* GTree_Delete(GTree* tree, int pos)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos);
GTreeData* ret = NULL;
if( trNode != NULL )
{
ret = trNode->node->data;
recursive_delete(tree, trNode->node);
}
return ret;
}
GTreeData* GTree_Get(GTree* tree, int pos)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, pos);
GTreeData* ret = NULL;
if( trNode != NULL )
{
ret = trNode->node->data;
}
return ret;
}
GTreeData* GTree_Root(GTree* tree)
{
return GTree_Get(tree, 0);
}
int GTree_Height(GTree* tree)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
int ret = 0;
if( trNode != NULL )
{
ret = recursive_height(trNode->node);
}
return ret;
}
int GTree_Count(GTree* tree)
{
return LinkList_Length(tree);
}
int GTree_Degree(GTree* tree)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
int ret = -1;
if( trNode != NULL )
{
ret = recursive_degree(trNode->node);
}
return ret;
}
void GTree_Display(GTree* tree, GTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div)
{
TLNode* trNode = (TLNode*)LinkList_Get(tree, 0);
if( (trNode != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
{
recursive_display(trNode->node, pFunc, 0, gap, div);
}
}
测试文件main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "GTree.h"
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */
void printf_data(GTreeData* data)
{
printf("%c", (int)data);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
GTree* tree = GTree_Create();
int i = 0;
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'A', -1);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'B', 0);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'C', 0);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'D', 0);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'E', 1);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'F', 1);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'H', 3);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'I', 3);
GTree_Insert(tree, (GTreeData*)'J', 3);
printf("Tree Height: %d\n", GTree_Height(tree));
printf("Tree Degree: %d\n", GTree_Degree(tree));
printf("Full Tree:\n");
GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, ' ');
printf("Get Tree Data:\n");
for(i=0; i<GTree_Count(tree); i++)
{
printf_data(GTree_Get(tree, i));
printf("\n");
}
printf("Get Root Data:\n");
printf_data(GTree_Root(tree));
printf("\n");
GTree_Delete(tree, 3);
printf("After Deleting D:\n");
GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '-');
GTree_Clear(tree);
printf("After Clearing Tree:\n");
GTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 2, '.');
GTree_Destroy(tree);
return 0;
}
运行结果:
总结:
本篇中的树结构是一种通用的数据结构
利用链表组织树结点
能够便利的存取结点
链表的维护具有一定复杂性