c htoi

/* 
 * The C Programming Language, second edition,
 * by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
 *
 * Exercise 2-3, page 46
 *
 * Write the function htoi(s), which converts a string of hexadecimal
 * digits (including an optional 0x or 0X) into its equivalent integer
 * value. The allowable digits are 0 through 9, a through f, and A
 * through F. 
 */

/* htoi:  convert hexdicimal string s to integer */
int htoi(char s[])
{
    int i;
    int c, n;

    n = 0;
    for (i = 0; (c = s[i]) != '\0'; ++i) {
        n *= 16;
        if (i == 0 && c == '0') {
            /* Drop the 0x of 0X from the start of the string. */
            c = s[++i];
            if (c != 'x' && c != 'X')
                --i;
        } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
            /* c is a numerical digit. */
            n += c - '0';
        else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
            /* c is a letter in the range 'a'-'f' */
            n += 10 + (c - 'a');
        else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
            /* c is a letter in the range 'A'-'F' */
            n += 10 + (c - 'A');
        else
            /* invalid input */
            return n;
    }
    return n;
}