VC++ ADO 数据库连接-实例分析

　　因为是笔记，所以不一定很有序，贴出来的意思一方面是可以给大家一个参考，一边也有希望大家一起来完善的意思，其中错误和不足之处当然希望大家可以及时地通知我，在贴上来的时候，我有一个想法，因为我在使用的过程中，总是会遇上一些莫明其妙的错误，所以我想大家有可能也会遇上，于是，我给出了一个错误总结，当然这里就需要大家一起来完善了，如果大家有什么心得和见解，希望在评论中留言，我会及时地接受大家的意见并把他们加进来(当然是在得到您的允许的情况下)

　　1、导入库文件

　　使用ADO前必须在工程的stdafx.h文件最后用直接引入符号#import引入ADO库文件，以使编译器能正确编译。代码如下：

　　#import "C:Program Filescommon filessystemadomsado15.dll" no_namespace rename("EOF","EndOfFile") rename("BOF","FirstOfFile")

　　ADO类的定义是作为一种资源存储在ADO DLL(msado15.dll)中，在其内部称为类型库。类型库描述了自治接口，以及C++使用的COM vtable接口。当使用#import指令时，在运行时Visual C++需要从ADO DLL中读取这个类型库，并以此创建一组C++头文件。这些头文件具有.tli 和.tlh扩展名，读者可以在项目的目录下找到这两个文件。在C++程序代码中调用的ADO类要在这些文件中定义。

　　程序的第三行指示ADO对象不使用名称空间。在有些应用程序中，由于应用程序中的对象与ADO中的对象之间可能会出现命名冲突，所以有必要使用名称空间。如果要使用名称空间，则可把第三行程序修改为： rename_namespace("AdoNS")。第四行代码将ADO中的EOF(文件结束)更名为adoEOF，以避免与定义了自己的EOF的其他库冲突。

　　2、初始化COM环境

　　(1)::CoInitialize(NULL); //初始化OLE/COM库环境

　　:: CoUninitialize();//既然初始化了环境，当然就有必要释放他了

　　(2)也可以调用MFC全局函数

　　AfxOleInit();

　　3、三大对象的定义和创建实例

　　(1) _ConnectionPtr pConnection("ADODB.Connection");

　　_RecordsetPtr pRecordset("ADODB.Recordset");

　　_CommandPtr pCommand("ADODN.Command");

　　(2) _ConnectionPtr pConnection;

　　_RecordsetPtr pRecordset;

　　_CommandPtr pCommand;

　　pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));

　　pRecordset.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Recordset));

　　pCommand.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Command));

　　(3) _ConnectionPtr pConnection;

　　_RecordsetPtr pRecordset;

　　_CommandPtr pCommand;

　　pConnection.CreateInstance("ADODB.Connection");

　　pRecordset.CreateInstance("ADODB.Recordset");

　　pCommand.CreateInstance("ADODB.Command");

　　4、打开一个连接

　　pConnection->Open(ConnectionString,"","",adModeUnknown);///连接数据库

　　上面的连接字符串ConnectionString根据不同的数据源，分别对应不同的写法

　　1)访问Access 2000

　　"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=databaseName;User ID=userName;Password=userPassWord"

　　2)访问ODBC数据

　　" Provider=MADASQL;DSN=dsnName;UID=userName;PWD=userPassword;"

　　3)访问Oracle数据库

　　“Provider=MSDAORA;Data Sourse=serverName;User ID=userName;Password=userPassword;"

　　3)访问MS SQL数据库

　　"Provider=SQLOLEDB,Data Source=serverName;Initial Catalog=databaseName;User ID=userName;Password=userPassword;"

　　4、执行SQL命令

　　SQL命令比较多，但是不去考虑细节，这里只说出通用的方法

　　CString strSQL;//定义SQL命令串，用来保存SQL语句

　　strSQL.Format("SQL statement");

　　然后在每个要用到SQL命令串的方法中，使用strSQL.AllocSysString()的方法进行类型转换

　　5、com的专用数据类型

　　variant ,bstr ,SafeArray

　　variant变量的范围包括很多，使用_variant_t 进行管理

　　bstr是一种字符串变量，使用_bstr_t进行管理

　　6、关闭连接

　　if(m_pConnection->State)//不能多次关闭，否则会出现错误

　　m_pConnection->Close();

　　7、结构化异常处理

　　ADO封装了COM接口，所以需要进行错误处理

　　如下例：

　　HRESULT hr;

　　try

　　{

　　hr = m_pConnection.CreateInstance("ADODB.Connection");///创建Connection对象

　　if(SUCCEEDED(hr))

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　　wuxizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　wuxikaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　wuxidaikaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　suzhouzengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　suzhoukaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　suzhoudaikaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　shenyangzengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　shenyangkaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　shenyangdaikaizengzhishuifapiao.dwcxa.com;

　　{

　　hr = m_pConnection->Open("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=test.mdb","","",adModeUnknown);///连接数据库

　　///上面一句中连接字串中的Provider是针对ACCESS2000环境的，对于ACCESS97,需要改 为:Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.3.51; }

　　}

　　catch(_com_error e)///捕捉异常

　　{

　　CString errormessage;

　　errormessage.Format("连接数据库失败!

　　错误信息:%s",e.ErrorMessage());

　　AfxMessageBox(errormessage);///显示错误信息

　　}