c,c++读写文件的使用整理

c风格的

#include<stdio.h>
#define LEGNTH 1024
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	FILE *in,*out;
	in = fopen(argv[1],"r")//打开文件
	char buf[LEGNTH+1] = {0};
	if(NULL == in)
	{
		printf("fopen for read error\n");
		return 0;
	}
	out = fopen(argv[2],"w");
	if(NULL == out)
	{
		printf("fopen for write error\n");
		return 0;
	}
	fgets(buf,LEGNTH,in);//读取整行,带换行符
	while(!feof(in))//判断是否读取到文件结尾
	{
		if(EOF == fputs(out,buf))//写文件
		{
			printf("fputs error\n");
			return 0;
		}
		fgets(buf,LEGNTH,in);
	}
	return 0;
	
}

c++风格的

#include<iostream>
#include<ofstream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	ifstream in;
	in.open(argv[1],ios::in);
	if(!in)
	{
		cout << "open for read error" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	ofstream out;
	out.open(argv[2],ios::out);
	if(!out)
	{
		cout << "open for write error" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	string s;
	while(getline(in,s))//读取行，但没有换行符
	{
		if(in.eof())
		{
			in.close();
			out.close();
			return 0;
		}
		out << s << endl;	//写文件时要手动换行	
	}
	in.close();
	out.close();
	return 0;
}

系统调用的

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#define LEGNTH 1024
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int in,out;
	in = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);//
	char buf[LEGNTH+1] = {0};
	if(in < 0)
	{
		perror("open for read error\n");
		return 0;
	}
	out = open(argv[2],O_WRONLY|O_CREAT,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);//写文件时，文件不存在则要用O_CREAT创建，且要指定S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR文件的权限
	if(out < 0)
	{
		perror("open for write error\n");
		return 0;
	}
	ssize_t ret = read(in,buf,LEGNTH);
	ssize_t ret2;
	while(ret != 0)
	{
		ret2 = write(out,buf,ret);
		if(ret2 != ret)
		{
			perror("open for write error\n");
			return 0;
		}
		ret = read(in,buf,LEGNTH);
	}
	close(in);
	close(out);
	return 0;
}

 上述3个代码分别编译成fputs.exe,fstream.exe,read.exe,找一个大点的文件测试他们的效率

<mct>time fputs.exe tmp log
0.732u 0.624s 0:01.40 96.4% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w
<mct>time fstream.exe tmp log
2.188u 9.004s 0:14.62 76.4% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w
<mct>time read.exe tmp log
0.008u 0.480s 0:00.49 97.9% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w
<mct>ls -l tmp
-rw-r----- 1 mct users 272629968 Aug  6 14:33 tmp
<mct>ls -hl tmp
-rw-r----- 1 mct users 261M Aug  6 14:33 tmp

文件为261M，可见系统调用最快用了0.49秒，c风格的其次用了1.4秒，c++最慢用了14.62秒

注意：在读写文件时，输入输出函数使用要对应，不能读用read，写用printf，风格要保持一致，否则会出现问题。