"AGL" is the name of Apple's OpenGL extensions for OS X. I believe "EAGL" is "Embedded AGL".
Alternatively, EAGL is Apple's version of EGL. EGL officially refers to the "Khronos Native Platform Graphics Interface", but earlier versions of the spec referred to it as "Embedded-System Graphic Library". So perhaps the correct answer is that EAGL means "Embedded-System Apple Graphics Library".