安装来自于iproute2
ip --help
Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
ip [ -force ] -batch filename
where OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
netns | l2tp | fou | macsec | tcp_metrics | token | netconf }
OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
-h[uman-readable] | -iec |
-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | mpls | bridge | link } |
-4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
-l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } | -br[ief] |
-o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
-rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] | -c[olor]}
ip后面跟的object不同,应用于不同的网络方面
常用的选项含义:
一般可以从上面的定义看出其功能
-V:显示指令版本信息 -d:输出更详细的信息 -s:输出统计信息 -f:强制使用指定的协议族 -4:指定使用的网络层协议是IPv4协议 -6:指定使用的网络层协议是IPv6协议 -0:输出信息每条记录输出一行,即使内容较多也不换行显示 -r:显示主机时,不使用IP地址,而使用主机的域名
参数很多,可以通过help的方式具体查看针对某个object的使用方法
例如:
ip addr help Usage: ip address {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev IFNAME [ LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] ip address del IFADDR dev IFNAME [mngtmpaddr] ip address {save|flush} [ dev IFNAME ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label LABEL ] [up] ip address [ show [ dev IFNAME ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type TYPE ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label LABEL ] [up] [ vrf NAME ] ] ip address {showdump|restore} IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ] [ label IFNAME ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ] FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG FLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | [-]tentative | [-]deprecated | [-]dadfailed | temporary | CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG CONFFLAG := [ home | nodad | mngtmpaddr | noprefixroute | autojoin ] LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ] LFT := forever | SECONDS TYPE := { vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | macvtap | bridge | bond | ipoib | ip6tnl | ipip | sit | vxlan | lowpan | gre | gretap | ip6gre | ip6gretap | vti | nlmon | can | bond_slave | ipvlan | geneve | bridge_slave | vrf | hsr | macsec }
常用操作
一、ip addr
1、查看所有网口基本信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show // 也可以简写为 ip a s 或者 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: sit0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:5c:08:f9:b7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
-sh-4.3# ip addr show ens3
2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
2、添加ip地址
-sh-4.3# ip addr add 192.168.1.199/24 dev ens3
-sh-4.3# ip a s ens3
2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.199/24 scope global ens3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3、删除ip地址
-sh-4.3# ip addr del 192.168.1.199/24 dev ens3
-sh-4.3# ip a s ens3
2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
二、ip link
1、修改设备名称
ip link set ens3 name eth0
[ 3211.716913] e1000 0000:00:03.0 eth0: renamed from ens3
2、启动和禁用设备
-sh-4.3# ip link set eth0 up
[ 3344.614043] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 3344.615589] 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device eth0
-sh-4.3# [ 3346.632411] e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX
[ 3346.636650] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
-sh-4.3# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.188/24 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
-sh-4.3# ip link set eth0 down
-sh-4.3# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff