一、线程状态说明
java.lang.Thread类中定义了线程状态枚举java.lang.Thread.State,以下为各状态说明。
1、NEW(新建)
NEW是线程调用new()创建后且未调用start()启动时的状态。
2、RUNNABLE(可运行)
RUNNABLE包含Ready(就绪)和Running(运行中)。
就绪状态的线程在系统调度分配时间片后进入运行中。
Thread.yield()调用后线程从运行中进入到就绪状态,但是不会使用同步。
3、BLOCKED(阻塞)
BLOCKED是线程等待获取监视器锁去进入(或重新进入)同步代码块或者同步方法。
4、WAITING(等待)
当调用Obeject.wait()、Thread.join()、LockSupport.park()方法后线程进入WAITING。
WAITING是线程无限期等待,等待其他线程执行特定操作:
(1)、当线程调用Object.wait()后,需要等待其他线程调用Object.notify()或者Object.notifyAll()唤醒;
(2)、当其他线程调用Thread.join()后,需要等他其他线程执行结束后唤醒;
5、TIMED_WAITING(超时等待)
TIMED_WAITING是指线程等待特定时间,超时后进入RUNNABLE状态。
调用以下方法会使线程进入TIMED_WAITING:
(1)、Thread.sleep(long millis);
线程sleep,不会释放同步锁。
(2)、Object.wait(long timeout);
等待Object.notify()或者Object.notifyAll()后或者超时后继续执行;
必须在同步块和同步方法中使用,调用前必须持有锁,调用后会释放同步锁。
(3)、thread.join(long millis);
等待thread线程执行结束后活超时后继续执行。
实际使用wait()实现。
(4)、LockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos);
在阻塞调用线程nanos纳秒后继续执行,无需持有锁。
(5)、LockSupport.parkUntil(long deadline);
阻塞当前线程至deadline时间戳后或LockSupport.unpack(thread)继续执行,无需持有锁。deadline:1970.1.1起的毫秒数。
6、TERMINATED(结束)
TERMINATED是指线程完成执行。
二、线程状态切换
图片链接:https://www.processon.com/view/link/5b459aa9e4b054aa54b124b2
后面将根据jdk源码了解这些操作线程的具体方法的实现,下文链接:
附录代码:
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
参考: