Java基础——线程Thread的run( )和start( )的区别

一、前言

start( )方法是告诉CPU该Thread在可运行线程池准备就绪，等待线程调度，而run( )则是按顺序执行；

先看下面一个简单的列子

public void static main(String[] args)	
   Thread thread = new Thread(){
		@Override
		public void run() {
			super.run();
			run_start();
		}
	};
	thread.start();
    //thread.run();
	System.out.println("a thread="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
}

private static void run_start() {
	System.out.println("b thread="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
}

执行thread.start();输出结果

a  thread 11

b  thread 1

执行thread.run();输出结果

b  thread 1

a  thread 1

从结果可以看出start( )方法创建了thread11，真正实现了多线程运行，无需等待run方法体代码执行完而继续执行下面的代码，run( )方法是在本线程内调用该Runnable的run( )方法，当做Thread的普通方法的方式调用，程序依然在一个线程主线程中，按照顺序执行

---

 二、源码分析

Thread类的run方法源码是这样的：target就是Runnable对象，因为Thread实现了Runnable接口，所以target.run( )还是在这个thread线程中执行，并没有开启新的线程，

/**
 * If this thread was constructed using a separate
 * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that
 * <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called;
 * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
 * <p>
 * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method.
 *
 * @see     #start()
 * @see     #stop()
 * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
 */
@Override
public void run() {
	if (target != null) {
		target.run();
	}
}

Thread的start( )方法源码是这样的

/**
 * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
 * calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread.//线程执行，JVM会调用run()方法
 * <p>
 * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
 * current thread (which returns from the call to the
 * <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its
 * <code>run</code> method).
 * <p>
 * It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
 * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
 * execution.
 *
 * @exception  IllegalThreadStateException  if the thread was already
 *               started.
 * @see        #run()
 * @see        #stop()
 */
public synchronized void start() {
	/**
	 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
	 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
	 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
	 *
	 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
	 */
	// Android-changed: throw if 'started' is true
	if (threadStatus != 0 || started)//线程状态检验，0代表先建
		throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

	/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
	 * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
	 * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
	group.add(this);

	started = false;
	try {
		nativeCreate(this, stackSize, daemon);
		started = true;
	} finally {
		try {
			if (!started) {
				group.threadStartFailed(this);
			}
		} catch (Throwable ignore) {
			/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
			  it will be passed up the call stack */
		}
	}
}

从方法注释中了解到

1、线程执行，JVM会调用run()方法；

2、多次调用thread.start( )会报IllegalThreadStateException；

3、group.add(this)方法是将新建thread添加到ThreadGroup中

 

---

三、线程题目

 class TaskBGThread extends Thread {
    private int i=1;
 
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.print("TaskBG" + i);
        i++;           
    }
}
 
public class TaskThread implements Runnable {
    private int i=1;
 
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.print("Task" + i);
        i++;       
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runner = new TaskThread();
        Thread thTask1 = new Thread(runner);
        thTask1.run();
        Thread thTask2 = new Thread(runner);
        thTask2.start();
        Thread thTaskBG1 = new TaskBGThread();
        thTaskBG1.start();
        Thread thTaskBG2 = new TaskBGThread();
        thTaskBG2.start();       
    }

程序输出结果是：Task1 Task2 TaskBG1 TaskBG1