filter功能.它使用户可以改变一个request和修改一个response. Filter 不是一个servlet,它不能产生一个response,它能够在一个request到达servlet之前预处理request,也可以在离开servlet时处理response.换种说法,filter其实是一个”servlet chaining”(servlet 链).一个filter 包括:
1. 在servlet被调用之前截获;
2. 在servlet被调用之前检查servlet request;
3. 根据需要修改request头和request数据;
4. 根据需要修改response头和response数据;
5. 在servlet被调用之后截获.
你能够配置一个filter 到一个或多个servlet;单个servlet或servlet组能够被多个filter 使用.几个实用的filter 包括:用户辨认filter,日志filter,审核filter,加密filter,符号filter,能改变xml内容的XSLT filter等.
一个filter必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口并定义三个方法:
1.void setFilterConfig(FilterConfig config) //设置filter 的配置对象;
2. FilterConfig getFilterConfig() //返回filter的配置对象;
3. void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) //执行filter 的工作.
服务器每次只调用setFilterConfig方法一次准备filter 的处理;调用doFilter方法多次以处理不同的请求.FilterConfig接口有方法可以找到filter名字及初始化参数信息.服务器可以设置FilterConfig为空来指明filter已经终结.
每一个filter从doFilter()方法中得到当前的request及response.在这个方法里,可以进行任何的针对request及response的操作.(包括收集数据,包装数据等).filter调用chain.doFilter()方法把控制权交给下一个filter.一个filter在doFilter()方法中结束.如果一个filter想停止request处理而获得对response的完全的控制,那它可以不调用下一个filter.
一个filter可以包装request 或response以改变几个方法和提供用户定制的属性.Api2.3提供了HttpServletRequestWrapper 和HttpServletResponseWrapper来实现.它们能分派最初的request和response.如果要改变一个方法的特性,必须继承wapper和重写方法.下面是一段简单的日志filter用来记录所有request的持续时间.
public class LogFilter implements Filter {
FilterConfig config;
public void setFilterConfig(FilterConfig config) {
this.config = config;
}
public FilterConfig getFilterConfig() {
return config;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req,
ServletResponse res,
FilterChain chain) {
ServletContext context = getFilterConfig().getServletContext();
long bef = system.currentTimeMillis();
chain.doFilter(req, res); // no chain parameter needed here
long aft = system.currentTimeMillis();
context.log("Request to " + req.getRequestURI()
+ ": " + (aft-bef));
}
}
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.StringTokenizer; import java.io.IOException; /** * 用于检测用户是否登陆的过滤器，如果未登录，则重定向到指的登录页面<p> * 配置参数<p> * checkSessionKey 需检查的在 Session 中保存的关键字<br/> * redirectURL 如果用户未登录，则重定向到指定的页面，URL不包括 ContextPath<br/> * notCheckURLList 不做检查的URL列表，以分号分开，并且 URL 中不包括 ContextPath<br/> */ public class CheckLoginFilter implements Filter { protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; private String redirectURL = null; private List notCheckURLList = new ArrayList(); private String sessionKey = null; public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; HttpSession session = request.getSession(); if(sessionKey == null) { filterChain.doFilter(request, response); return; } if((!checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(request)) && session.getAttribute(sessionKey) == null) { response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + redirectURL); return; } filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); } public void destroy() { notCheckURLList.clear(); } private boolean checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(HttpServletRequest request) { String uri = request.getServletPath() + (request.getPathInfo() == null ? "" : request.getPathInfo()); return notCheckURLList.contains(uri); } public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig; redirectURL = filterConfig.getInitParameter("redirectURL"); sessionKey = filterConfig.getInitParameter("checkSessionKey"); String notCheckURLListStr = filterConfig.getInitParameter("notCheckURLList"); if(notCheckURLListStr != null) { StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(notCheckURLListStr, ";"); notCheckURLList.clear(); while(st.hasMoreTokens()) { notCheckURLList.add(st.nextToken()); } } } }
三、字符编码的过滤器
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import java.io.IOException;
- /**
- * 用于设置 HTTP 请求字符编码的过滤器，通过过滤器参数encoding指明使用何种字符编码,用于处理Html Form请求参数的中文问题
- */
- public class CharacterEncodingFilter
- implements Filter
- {
- protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
- protected String encoding = "";
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException
- {
- if(encoding != null)
- servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
- filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
- }
- public void destroy()
- {
- filterConfig = null;
- encoding = null;
- }
- public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
- {
- this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
- this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
- }
- }
四、记录用户的访问操作器
代码：
package com.qwserv.itm.pfl.log.svr;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.qwserv.itm.api.pfl.sm.vo.Person;
import java.sql.*;
import com.qwserv.itm.api.ServiceAccess;
import com.qwserv.itm.util.toolkit.DebugUtil;
public class ObserveFilter implements Filter {
protected static DebugUtil log = DebugUtil.getInstances("pfl-log", ObserveFilter.class);
public void destroy() {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,
ServletException {
//记录用户的访问操作
HttpServletRequest request1 = (HttpServletRequest)request;
StringBuffer url = request1.getRequestURL();
//对url进行过滤，如果是js/css/image则不进行处理
if (judgeFile(url.toString())){
String operTime = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").
format(new java.util.Date());
String hostIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
String sessionId = request1.getRequestedSessionId();
String userId = "";
Person person = (Person)request1.getSession().getAttribute("userObj");
if (null != person && null != person.getUser()){
userId = person.getUser().getId();
}
String queryString = request1.getQueryString();
if (null != queryString) {
url.append('?');
url.append(queryString);
}
//保存到数据库中
saveToDb(userId,hostIp,sessionId,url.toString(),operTime,"");
}
// Pass control on to the next filter
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public boolean judgeFile(String url){
if (url.endsWith(".gif") || url.endsWith(".jpg") || url.endsWith(".png")
|| url.endsWith(".bmp") || url.endsWith(".css") || url.endsWith(".js")
|| url.endsWith(".jsx")){
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
public int saveToDb(String userId, String hostIp,String sessionId,String url,
String operTime,String desc){
//将报表任务数据保存到数据库中
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
try {
//构造sql表达式，将数据插入数据库
conn = ServiceAccess.getSystemSupportService().getDefaultConnection();
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "insert into LOG_OBSERVE_HISTORY(USERID,URL,Detail,SessionID,HostName,StartDate) values('"+
userId + "','" + url + "','" + desc + "','" + sessionId
+ "','" + hostIp + "','" + operTime + "')";
if (ServiceAccess.getSystemSupportService().getConnectionType(conn)==ServiceAccess.getSystemSupportService().JCA_TYPE_ORACLE){
sql = "insert into LOG_OBSERVE_HISTORY(Id,USERID,URL,Detail,SessionID,HostName,StartDate) values(LOG_OBSERVE_SEQ.nextval,'"+
userId + "','" + url + "','" + desc + "','" + sessionId
+ "','" + hostIp + "',TO_DATE('" + operTime
+ "','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'))";
}
st.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error("--------------------The url String is:" + url + "-------------------------------");
return 1; //表示操作失败
} finally {
if (null != st)
{
try{
st.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
st = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
conn = null;
}
}
return 0; //表示操作成功
}
}
<filter>
<filter-name>ObserveFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.qwserv.itm.pfl.log.svr.ObserveFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ObserveFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
五.Filter防止用户访问一些未被授权的资源
- package
<filter>
<filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.drp.util.filter.AuthFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>//表示对所有jsp文件有效
</filter-mapping>
一、使浏览器不缓存页面的过滤器
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
* 用于的使 Browser 不缓存页面的过滤器
*/
public class ForceNoCacheFilter implements Filter {
{
((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
((HttpServletResponse) response).setDateHeader ("Expires", -1);
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
{
}
{
}
}
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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