一、Reduce Join
Map端的主要工作:为来自不同表或文件的key/value
对,打标签以区别不同来源的记录。然后用连接字段作为key
,其余部分和新加的标志作为value
,最后进行输出。
Reduce端的主要工作:在Reduce端以连接字段作为key的分组已经完成,我们只需要在每一个分组当中将那些来源于不同文件的记录(在Map阶段已经打标志)分开,最后进行合并就ok了。
二、Reduce Join案例实操
1. 需求
有两个文件
order.txt
1001 01 1
1002 02 2
1003 03 3
1004 01 4
1005 02 5
1006 03 6
pd.txt
01 小米
02 华为
03 格力
相当于以下两个表
id | pid | amount |
---|---|---|
1001 | 01 | 1 |
1002 | 02 | 2 |
1003 | 03 | 3 |
1004 | 01 | 4 |
1005 | 02 | 5 |
1006 | 03 | 6 |
pid | pname |
---|---|
01 | 小米 |
02 | 华为 |
03 | 格力 |
需要将商品信息表中数据根据商品pid合并到订单数据表中,最终效果为:
id | pname | amount |
---|---|---|
1001 | 小米 | 1 |
1004 | 小米 | 4 |
1002 | 华为 | 2 |
1005 | 华为 | 5 |
1003 | 格力 | 3 |
1006 | 格力 | 6 |
2. 需求分析
通过将关联条件作为Map输出的key,将两表满足Join条件的数据并携带数据所来源的文件信息,发往同一个ReduceTask,在Reduce中进行数据的串联。
3. 代码实现
(1)创建商品和订单合并后的TableBean类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.reducejoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TableBean implements Writable {
private String id; //订单id
private String pid; //产品id
private int amount; //产品数量
private String pname; //产品名称
private String flag; //判断是order表还是pd表的标志字段
public TableBean() {
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(String pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public int getAmount() {
return amount;
}
public void setAmount(int amount) {
this.amount = amount;
}
public String getPname() {
return pname;
}
public void setPname(String pname) {
this.pname = pname;
}
public String getFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(String flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return id + "\t" + pname + "\t" + amount;
}
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeUTF(id);
out.writeUTF(pid);
out.writeInt(amount);
out.writeUTF(pname);
out.writeUTF(flag);
}
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.id = in.readUTF();
this.pid = in.readUTF();
this.amount = in.readInt();
this.pname = in.readUTF();
this.flag = in.readUTF();
}
}
(2)编写TableMapper类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.reducejoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TableMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,TableBean> {
private String filename;
private Text outK = new Text();
private TableBean outV = new TableBean();
@Override
protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//获取对应文件名称
InputSplit split = context.getInputSplit();
FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit) split;
filename = fileSplit.getPath().getName();
}
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//获取一行
String line = value.toString();
//判断是哪个文件,然后针对文件进行不同的操作
if(filename.contains("order")){ //订单表的处理
String[] split = line.split("\t");
//封装outK
outK.set(split[1]);
//封装outV
outV.setId(split[0]);
outV.setPid(split[1]);
outV.setAmount(Integer.parseInt(split[2]));
outV.setPname("");
outV.setFlag("order");
}else { //商品表的处理
String[] split = line.split("\t");
//封装outK
outK.set(split[0]);
//封装outV
outV.setId("");
outV.setPid(split[0]);
outV.setAmount(0);
outV.setPname(split[1]);
outV.setFlag("pd");
}
//写出KV
context.write(outK,outV);
}
}
(3)编写TableReducer类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.reducejoin;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TableReducer extends Reducer<Text,TableBean,TableBean, NullWritable> {
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<TableBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
ArrayList<TableBean> orderBeans = new ArrayList<>();
TableBean pdBean = new TableBean();
for (TableBean value : values) {
//判断数据来自哪个表
if("order".equals(value.getFlag())){ //订单表
//创建一个临时TableBean对象接收value
TableBean tmpOrderBean = new TableBean();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(tmpOrderBean,value);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//将临时TableBean对象添加到集合orderBeans
orderBeans.add(tmpOrderBean);
}else { //商品表
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(pdBean,value);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//遍历集合orderBeans,替换掉每个orderBean的pid为pname,然后写出
for (TableBean orderBean : orderBeans) {
orderBean.setPname(pdBean.getPname());
//写出修改后的orderBean对象
context.write(orderBean,NullWritable.get());
}
}
}
(4)编写TableDriver类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.reducejoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TableDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());
job.setJarByClass(TableDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(TableMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(TableReducer.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\output"));
boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
}
}
总结
缺点:这种方式中,合并的操作是在Reduce阶段完成,Reduce端的处理压力太大,Map节点的运算负载则很低,资源利用率不高,且在Reduce阶段极易产生数据倾斜。
解决方案:Map端实现数据合并。