Java 不使用处理流解决乱码问题

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  
public class ConverDemo01 {
  
       /**
        * @param args
        * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 
        */
       public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
              String str ="中国";
              byte[] data =str.getBytes();
              //字节数不完整
              System.out.println(new String(data,0,3));
              
              
              
       }
       /**
        * 编码与解码字符集必须相同，否则乱码
        * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 
        */
       public static void test1() throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
              //解码 byte -->char
                            String str ="中国"; //gbk 
                            //编码 char -->byte
                            byte[] data =str.getBytes();
                            //编码与解码字符集同一
                            System.out.println(new String(data));
                            data =str.getBytes("utf-8"); 
                            //设定编码字符集
                            //不同一出现乱码
                            System.out.println(new String(data));
                            
                            //编码
                            byte[] data2 = "中国".getBytes("utf-8");
                            //解码
                            str=new String(data2,"utf-8");
                            System.out.println(str);
       }
  
}