gettext 的下载安装

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Introduction to gettext Usually, programs are written and documented in English, and use English at execution time for interacting with users. This is true not only from within GNU, but also in a great deal of proprietary and free software. Using a common language is quite handy for communication between developers, maintainers and users from all countries. On the other hand, most people are less comfortable with English than with their own native language, and would rather be using their mother tongue for day to day's work, as far as possible. Many would simply love seeing their computer screen showing a lot less of English, and far more of their own language. GNU `gettext' is an important step for the GNU Translation Project, as it is an asset on which we may build many other steps. This package offers to programmers, translators, and even users, a well integrated set of tools and documentation. Specifically, the GNU `gettext' utilities are a set of tools that provides a framework to help other GNU packages produce multi-lingual messages. These tools include a set of conventions about how programs should be written to support message catalogs, a directory and file naming organization for the message catalogs themselves, a runtime library supporting the retrieval of translated messages, and a few stand-alone programs to massage in various ways the sets of translatable strings, or already translated strings. A special GNU Emacs mode also helps interested parties in preparing these sets, or bringing them up to date.
`gettext` 是一个用于国际化和本地化的工具,它在 Windows 上也是可用的。`gettext` 的主要功能是从源代码中提取文本字符串,并将其翻译成不同语言的翻译文件。在 Windows 上,你可以使用以下步骤来在项目中使用 `gettext`: 1. 下载和安装 gettext 工具包。你可以从 [GNU gettext utilities](https://mlocati.github.io/articles/gettext-iconv-windows.html) 获取适用于 Windows 的 gettext。 2. 设置 gettext 环境变量。将 gettext 的二进制文件目录添加到系统的 PATH 环境变量中。 3. 在代码中标记需要翻译的文本。在你的源代码中,使用 `gettext` 函数包裹需要翻译的字符串。例如: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <locale.h> #include <libintl.h> #define _(STRING) gettext(STRING) int main() { setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain("myapp", "locale"); textdomain("myapp"); printf(_("Hello, world!\n")); return 0; } ``` 4. 提取文本并生成翻译文件。使用 `xgettext` 命令从源代码中提取需要翻译的字符串,并生成 `.po` 文件。例如: ```bash xgettext -d myapp -o locale/myapp.pot main.c ``` 5. 创建翻译文件。使用 `msginit` 命令创建特定语言的翻译文件。例如,为英语创建一个翻译文件: ```bash msginit --locale=en_US.UTF-8 --input=locale/myapp.pot --output=locale/en_US.po ``` 6. 翻译文本。打开生成的翻译文件(例如 `locale/en_US.po`),并为每个需要翻译的字符串提供翻译。确保保存文件后缀为 `.po`。 7. 编译翻译文件。使用 `msgfmt` 命令将翻译文件编译成 `.mo` 文件。例如: ```bash msgfmt -o locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo locale/en_US.po ``` 8. 在程序中加载翻译文件。在程序初始化时,使用 `bindtextdomain` 和 `textdomain` 函数指定翻译文件的位置和名称。例如: ```c setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain("myapp", "locale"); textdomain("myapp"); ``` 现在,当你运行程序时,它将根据系统语言环境加载相应的翻译文件,并将翻译后的字符串显示在屏幕上。 这是一个简单的示例,你可以根据你的项目需求和 gettext 的文档进行详细的配置和使用。请注意,gettext 在不同的编程语言中可能有不同的接口和用法,上述示例是基于 C 语言的使用方式。

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