oracle之初体验--rman命令（三）

1、显示rman的配置：show
    RMAN> show all;

    RMAN configuration parameters are:
    CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
    CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
    CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
    CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
    CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
    CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
    CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
    CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
    CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
    CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
    CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
    CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
    CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
   
    # default表示rman的配置是默认的。
   
2、列出备份信息：list
    这个命令在前面的rman命令练习中已经遇到过，这里小结一下：
    1）列出数据库中所有的备份信息：
    RMAN> list backup;
    
    2）列出所有备份的控制文件的信息：
    RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
   
    3）列出指定数据文件的备份信息：
    RMAN>list backup of datafile 5；（datafile的序号可以通过v$datafile或者dba_data_files查询）
    或者
    RMAN>list backup of datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf';
   
    4）列出所有备份的归档文件信息
    RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
   
    5）列出指定表空间的备份信息
    RMAN> list copy of tablespace 'SYSTEM';
   
    6）列出某个设备上的所有信息
    RMAN> list device type disk backup;
   
    7）列出当前所有归档
    RMAN> list archivelog all;
   
    8）列出所有无效的备份
    RMAN> list expired backup;
   
3、删除备份：delete
    1）删除过期备份，rman会根据备份冗余策略确定备份是否过期
    RMAN> delete obsolete;
   
    2）删除无效备份
    RMAN> delete expired backup;
   
    3）删除expired副本
    RMAN> delete expired copy；
   
    4）删除特定备份集
    RMAN> delete backupset 1；
   
    5）删除特定备份片
    RMAN> delete backuppiece '/opt/backup/bak_06oa5dgi_1_1.bak';
   
    6）删除所有备份集
    RMAN> delete backup；
   
    7）删除特定映像副本
    RMAN> delete datafile copy '/opt/backup/bak_06oa5dgi_1_1.bak';
   
    8）删除所有映像副本
    RMAN> delete copy；
   
    9）备份后删除输入对象，语法如下：
    RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input；
   
4、报表显示：report
    report命令主要用于当前备份信息的分析。
    1）查看7天前数据库的模式：
    RMAN> report schema at time 'sysdate-2'; --该命令必须连接到catalog数据库
   
    2）查看所有需要备份的文件
    RMAN> report need backup;

    RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
    RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
    Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups
    File #bkps Name
    ---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
    2    0     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8sb05c7y_.dbf
    3    0     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8sb05p5d_.dbf
    4    0     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8sb06dqc_.dbf
    5    0     /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/study_data01.dbf
   
    3）查看过期备份
    RMAN> report obsolete;

    RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
    RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
    no obsolete backups found
   
5、执行检查：crosscheck
    crosscheck命令用来检查备份或归档物理文件的状态，如果物理文件存在，并且控制文件（或恢复目录）中有匹配记录，则标记该对象的状态为   available（有效），如果文件已经不存在了，则标记该对象状态为expired（无效）。
    
    crosscheck只是修改控制文件中对应记录的状态标志，而不会删除文件。
   
    检查所有归档文件：
    RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
    channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_19/o1_mf_1_11_8skdzry6_.arc recid=1 stamp=815858044
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_20/o1_mf_1_12_8smysk0p_.arc recid=2 stamp=815941814
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_20/o1_mf_1_13_8snhl1mv_.arc recid=3 stamp=815958978
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_21/o1_mf_1_14_8so92w7q_.arc recid=4 stamp=815985118
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_21/o1_mf_1_15_8sobpncz_.arc recid=5 stamp=815986772
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_21/o1_mf_1_16_8soc18vm_.arc recid=6 stamp=815987112
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_21/o1_mf_1_17_8soc1gdj_.arc recid=7 stamp=815987118
    validation succeeded for archived log
    archive log filename=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_21/o1_mf_1_18_8splx13f_.arc recid=8 stamp=816027937
    Crosschecked 8 objects
   
    检查所有备份集：
   
    RMAN> crosscheck backup; 
   
    using channel ORA_DISK_1
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130521T063608_8so9brdj_.bkp recid=12 stamp=815985368
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130521T063608_8so9c8q3_.bkp recid=13 stamp=815985384
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130521T065932_8sobpos5_.bkp recid=14 stamp=815986773
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130521T070512_8soc1b13_.bkp recid=15 stamp=815987114
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20130521T070517_8soc1fb0_.bkp recid=16 stamp=815987117
    crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
    backup piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_05_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130521T070518_8soc1hhp_.bkp recid=17 stamp=815987119
    Crosschecked 6 objects

6、修改状态：change
    change命令可以修改备份文件或归档文件在控制文件（或恢复目录）中对应的状态，有两种状态：available（可用）和unavailabel（不可用）
    下面是几个例子：
    1）修改指定备份集状态为unavailable：
    RMAN> change backupset n unavailabe;    --n为备份集序号，指定的备份集必须存在。
   
    2）修改指定表空间的备份集状态为unavailable：
    RMAN> change backup of tablespace tablespace_name unavailable;   --tablespace_name为指定的表空间
   
    3）修改指定归档文件状态为unavailable：
    RMAN> change archivelog logseq=n unavailable；  --n为归档文件序号，可以通过list archivelog all或者查询v$archived_log获取
   
    此外change命令还附带了delete字句，配合使用可以在修改记录状态的同时直接删除物理文件，如删除某个归档文件：
    RMAN> change archivelog logseq=n delete；