CentOS 6.5一键安装Django

之前一直在Ubuntu环境下进行Django开发，最近将开发工作转移到CentOS的过程中，发现Django开发环境的搭建过程很是不顺，现将Django安装过程以及相关问题的解决方法罗列如下。

升级Python2.6.6到Python2.7.9

由于CentOS6.5自带的Python版本为2.6.6，该版本不支持Django，因此需要将Python升级到2.7以上。同时，由于yum中最新的Python版本也是2.6.6，所以只能通过源码方式安装Python2.7.9。
查看Python版本：

$ python -V
Python 2.6.6

安装编译Python需要的包

注：可以编译Python源码不通过再安装相应的包，也可先全部安装了再说，以免有后顾之忧。建议全部安装，简单粗暴。

$ yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

下载Python2.7.9源码

$ mkdir /opt/python2.7.9
$ cd /opt/python2.7.9
$ wget –no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz
$ tar xf Python-2.7.9.tar.xz

编译安装

$ cd /opt/python2.7.9/Python-2.7.9
$ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local
$ make
$ make install

创建新的python软链接

$ ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

查看Python版本：

$ python -V
Python 2.7.9

python软链接指向python2.7版本后，yum不能正常工作。将yum使用的python修改为2.6。
查看yum路径：

$ which yum
/usr/bin/yum

将文件/usr/bin/yum的第一行修改为：

#!/usr/bin/python2.6

安装python包管理工具pip

$ yum install python-pip

有可能遇到如下问题。
问题1，执行pip找不到pkg_resources:

$ pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/usr/bin/pelican-quickstart”, line 5, in \< module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

解决方法：

$ yum install python-devel

问题2，执行pip报错：

[root@donkey site-packages]# pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/usr/bin/pip”, line 7, in
from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip

原因：
因为yum使用的是python2.6，执行yum install python-pip会将pip安装到python2.6的site-packages目录中。运行pip命令调用的是python2.7，而python2.7的默认包导入路径不会有python2.6的site-packages。
查看python包导入路径：

$ [root@donkey site-packages]# python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Mar 8 2017, 08:47:48)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)] on linux2
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
[”, ‘/usr/local/lib/python27.zip’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages’]
>>>

解决方法：
将python2.6的site-packages目录加入到pip的包导入路径中。
文件/usr/bin/pip中，添加：

sys.path.append(‘/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages’)

修改后效果如下：

[root@donkey site-packages]# cat /usr/bin/pip
#!/usr/bin/python

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import re
import sys
sys.path.append(‘/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages’)
from pip import main

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r’(-script.pyw|.exe)?$’, ”, sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())
[root@donkey site-packages]#

安装Django

建议安装Django 1.8版本，Django1.8之后很多命令发生了更改，而网上大多数教程均是针对1.8的版本。

$ pip install Django==1.8

验证安装结果，查看Django版本，成功显示版本则证明Django安装成功！

[root@donkey bin]# python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Mar 8 2017, 11:08:26)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)] on linux2
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(1, 8, 0, ‘final’, 0)
>>>

一键安装脚本

根据该博文一步步操作基本能够完成CentOS 6.5的Django安装，但是你需要按顺序敲命令，等待一个命令执行完之后再敲另外一个，费时费力，效率很低。现将以上安装、配置步骤写成一个脚本，脚本执行时，你可抽身做其他事情，一段时间后确认安装结果即可。

脚本源码

#!/bin/sh
# File name: CentOS-Django-Install.sh
# This script is used to install Django 1.8 on CentOS 6.5 automatically.
# Author: Arvin(mikepetermessidona@hotmail.com) twitter(@Messi_Arvin)
# Date:   Mar.09.2017
# Usage:  Save this file as CentOS-Django-Install.sh. 
#         $ chmod u+x CentOS-Django-Install.sh
#         $ su root
#         # ./CentOS-Django-Install.sh
# Check result:
# [root@donkey opt]# python
# Python 2.7.9 (default, Mar  9 2017, 10:20:35)
# [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)] on linux2
# Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
# >>> import django
# >>> django.VERSION
# (1, 8, 0, 'final', 0)
# >>>
#
DIR_PYTHON="/opt/python2.7.9"
CMD_PYTHON="/usr/bin/python"
echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m DIR_PYTHON: "$DIR_PYTHON""
echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m CMD_PYTHON: "$CMD_PYTHON""

function Django_Install_Func(){
    #Install python packages compiling python source code.
    yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel

    if [ ! -d $DIR_PYTHON ]; then
      mkdir $DIR_PYTHON
      echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Directory "$DIR_PYTHON" is created!"
    else
      echo -e "\e[1;31m[ERROR]:\e[0m Directory "$DIR_PYTHON" existed! Please define a new directory to save python2.7.9 source code."
      exit 1
    fi

    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Start to upgrade Python!"
    cd $DIR_PYTHON
    wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz
    tar xf Python-2.7.9.tar.xz

    cd $DIR_PYTHON/Python-2.7.9
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
    make && make install

    if [ -f $CMD_PYTHON ]; then
      rm $CMD_PYTHON
    fi
    ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 $CMD_PYTHON

    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Start to modify yum!"
    CMD_YUM=`which yum`
    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m CMD_YUM: "$CMD_YUM""
    LINE_YUM=`awk '/#!\/usr\/bin\/python/{print NR}'  /usr/bin/yum`
    sed -i "$LINE_YUM c #!/usr/bin/python2.6" $CMD_YUM           

    yum install python-devel
    yum install python-pip

    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Start to modify pip!"
    CMD_PIP=`which pip`
    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m CMD_PIP: "$CMD_PIP""
    LINE_PIP=`awk '/python2.6\/site-packages/{print NR}'  "$CMD_PIP"`
    if [ ! $LINE_PIP ]; then
      sed -i "/import sys/a\sys.path.append('/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages')" $CMD_PIP
      echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Append python2.6/site-packages!"
    else
      echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m python2.6/site-packages existed!"
    fi

    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Start to install Django!"
    pip install Django==1.8
    echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m Django is installed!"
}

PYTHON_VERSION=$(python -V 2>&1 >/dev/null)
echo -e "\e[1;33m[INFO]:\e[0m PYTHON_VERSION: "$PYTHON_VERSION""

if [[ "Python 2.6.6" == $PYTHON_VERSION ]]; then
  Django_Install_Func
else
  echo -e "\e[1;31m[ERROR]:\e[0m Current python version is: $PYTHON_VERSION, please modify this script."
fi

github: CentOS-Django-Install.sh

使用方法

复制以上代码，保存为CentOS-Django-Install.sh
给予执行权限：

$ chmod u+x CentOS-Django-Install.sh

使用root用户运行：

$ su root
# ./CentOS-Django-Install.sh

说明：
该脚本只适用于当前python版本为2.6.6，意图升级为2.7.9，如果是其他版本，需自行修改脚本相应内容。