spring mvc之返回值的处理

HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler

先看看HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的源码：

public interface HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
    boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType);
    void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
            ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception;

}

很老套的两个方法，分别是是否支持解析该类型、以及具体的处理方法。

RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor

RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor处理请求参数添加了 @RequestBody 注解，或者返回值添加了 @ResponseBody 注解的处理。看看继承关系。

RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor内部维护了一个HttpMessageConverter 集合，通过合适的HttpMessageConverter转换返回值.

HttpMessageConverter

HttpMessageConverter是个接口，该接口定义了四个方法，分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。
@ResponseBody注解时： 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性（逗号分隔），逐一按accept中的类型，去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter；

public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {

    /**
     * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
     * @param clazz the class to test for readability
     * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified.
     * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header.
     * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise
     */
    boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);

    /**
     * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
     * @param clazz the class to test for writability
     * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified.
     * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header.
     * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise
     */
    boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);

    /**
     * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
     * @return the list of supported media types
     */
    List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();

    /**
     * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it.
     * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the
     * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
     * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from
     * @return the converted object
     * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
     * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors
     */
    T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;

    /**
     * Write an given object to the given output message.
     * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been
     * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
     * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the
     * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have
     * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have
     * returned {@code true}.
     * @param outputMessage the message to write to
     * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
     * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors
     */
    void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;

}

实现类

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter	读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据
StringHttpMessageConverter	读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据
ResourceHttpMessageConverter	读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据
FormHttpMessageConverter	读取form提交的数据（能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded，不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据）；写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter	读取和写入json格式的数据
SouceHttpMessageConverter	读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter	读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter	读取和写入Atom格式的数据
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter	读取和写入RSS格式的数据

MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter

最常用的一个MessageConverter ，内部通过ObjectMapper把实体对象转换成json的。
write方法

public final void write(final T t, @Nullable final Type type, @Nullable MediaType contentType,
        HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

    final HttpHeaders headers = outputMessage.getHeaders();
    addDefaultHeaders(headers, t, contentType);

    if (outputMessage instanceof StreamingHttpOutputMessage) {
        StreamingHttpOutputMessage streamingOutputMessage = (StreamingHttpOutputMessage) outputMessage;
        streamingOutputMessage.setBody(outputStream -> writeInternal(t, type, new HttpOutputMessage() {
            @Override
            public OutputStream getBody() {
                return outputStream;
            }
            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                return headers;
            }
        }));
    }
    else {
        writeInternal(t, type, outputMessage);
        outputMessage.getBody().flush();
    }
}

protected void writeInternal(Object object, @Nullable Type type, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
        throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

    MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
    JsonEncoding encoding = getJsonEncoding(contentType);
    JsonGenerator generator = this.objectMapper.getFactory().createGenerator(outputMessage.getBody(), encoding);
    try {
        writePrefix(generator, object);

        Object value = object;
        Class<?> serializationView = null;
        FilterProvider filters = null;
        JavaType javaType = null;

        if (object instanceof MappingJacksonValue) {
            MappingJacksonValue container = (MappingJacksonValue) object;
            value = container.getValue();
            serializationView = container.getSerializationView();
            filters = container.getFilters();
        }
        if (type != null && TypeUtils.isAssignable(type, value.getClass())) {
            javaType = getJavaType(type, null);
        }

        ObjectWriter objectWriter = (serializationView != null ?
                this.objectMapper.writerWithView(serializationView) : this.objectMapper.writer());
        if (filters != null) {
            objectWriter = objectWriter.with(filters);
        }
        if (javaType != null && javaType.isContainerType()) {
            objectWriter = objectWriter.forType(javaType);
        }
        SerializationConfig config = objectWriter.getConfig();
        if (contentType != null && contentType.isCompatibleWith(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM) &&
                config.isEnabled(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT)) {
            objectWriter = objectWriter.with(this.ssePrettyPrinter);
        }
        objectWriter.writeValue(generator, value);

        writeSuffix(generator, object);
        generator.flush();
    }
    catch (InvalidDefinitionException ex) {
        throw new HttpMessageConversionException("Type definition error: " + ex.getType(), ex);
    }
    catch (JsonProcessingException ex) {
        throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException("Could not write JSON: " + ex.getOriginalMessage(), ex);
    }
}