CentOS7.0小结

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-23 14:30:42 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-23 14:30:42 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/micarlxm/article/details/103975554

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CentOS7.0小结

CentOS7设置静态IP地址

centos7的网络IP地址配置文件在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 文件夹下查看网卡名称

[root@centos-vm ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1c:42:0c:c6:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.103.200/24 brd 192.168.103.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a974:b3c2:9460:16ce/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

eth0网卡对应的配置文件为ifcfg-eth0，使用vim编辑如下:

TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"         # 使用静态IP地址，默认为dhcp
IPADDR="192.168.241.100"   # 设置的静态IP地址
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"    # 子网掩码
GATEWAY="192.168.241.2"    # 网关地址
DNS1="192.168.241.2"       # DNS服务器
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="95b614cd-79b0-4755-b08d-99f1cca7271b"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"             #是否开机启用

然后使用service network restart命令即可配置静态IP地址
配置hostname的方法为

[root@centos-vm ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname centos-vm
[root@centos-vm ~]# hostnamectl
   Static hostname: centos-vm
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 22c8eaae7705ad439af593d8d12ba6b0
           Boot ID: faaec2d9520649c5a58b45a0aaa072c4
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

配置IP地址映射为

[root@centos-vm ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@centos-vm ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
192.168.103.200 centos-vm

Centos7 ssh配置RSA证书登录

修改sshd配置文件

[root@centos-vm ~]#vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#增加以下三项
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

在root目录下创建.ssh文件夹

[root@localhost /]# mkdir .ssh

在.ssh文件夹下创建authorized_keys文件

[root@localhost /]# cd .ssh
[root@localhost .ssh]# touch authorized_keys

写入秘钥

[root@localhost .ssh]# vim authorized_keys

修改authorized_keys执行权限

[root@localhost .ssh]# chmod 644 authorized_keys

重启ssh服务

[root@localhost .ssh]# systemctl restart sshd

CentOS 加载/挂载光驱

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
//挂载
[root@localhost ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
//卸载
[root@localhost ~]#umount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

CentOS7 添加常用源

CentOS 的官方源去掉了一些与版权有关的软件,因此想要安装这些软件或者手动下载安装,或者使用其他源.
下面是添加EPEL源的步骤。

1.首先, 添加源之前要确定系统架构及版本

查看系统版本:

[root@centos-vm ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@centos-vm ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
[root@centos-vm ~]# uname -a
Linux centos-vm 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

以看出来，系统版本是7.7.1908 　　架构是x86_64 64位的系统

2.查看当前CentOS7上已经有哪些源

[root@centos-vm ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
源标识                                  源名称                                    状态
base/7/x86_64                           CentOS-7 - Base                           10,097
extras/7/x86_64                         CentOS-7 - Extras                            307
updates/7/x86_64                        CentOS-7 - Updates                         1,010
repolist: 11,414

3.接下来，安装EPEL源

EPEL官网地址：https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL 点击中文简体
往下翻找到CentOS用户可以直接通过下面的命令安装并启用EPEL源。【需要root用户权限】

[root@centos-vm ~]# yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

4.安装完成之后，手动更新源，使之立即生效键入命令：

[root@centos-vm ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在清理软件源： base epel extras updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 1.5 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@centos-vm ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
epel/x86_64/metalink                                           | 9.3 kB  00:00:00     
 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
base                                                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                           | 5.3 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/16): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                 | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(2/16): epel/x86_64/group_gz                                   |  90 kB  00:00:00     
(3/16): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                               | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
(4/16): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                 | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
(5/16): epel/x86_64/prestodelta                                |  453 B  00:00:00     
(6/16): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                             | 7.3 MB  00:00:00     
(7/16): epel/x86_64/filelists_db                               |  12 MB  00:00:00     
(8/16): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 6.9 MB  00:00:00     
(9/16): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                 | 2.6 MB  00:00:01     
(10/16): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                            | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(11/16): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                          | 207 kB  00:00:00     
(12/16): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                              | 100 kB  00:00:00     
(13/16): epel/x86_64/other_db                                  | 3.3 MB  00:00:00     
(14/16): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                             | 368 kB  00:00:00     
(15/16): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                         | 3.3 MB  00:00:00     
(16/16): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                           | 5.9 MB  00:00:00     
元数据缓存已建立

5.再查看源，EPEL已经安装成功

[root@centos-vm ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
源标识                   源名称                                                 状态
base/7/x86_64            CentOS-7 - Base                                        10,097
epel/x86_64              Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64         13,509
extras/7/x86_64          CentOS-7 - Extras                                         307
updates/7/x86_64         CentOS-7 - Updates                                      1,010
repolist: 24,923

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CentOS7.0小结

CentOS7.0小结CentOS7设置静态IP地址centos7的网络IP地址配置文件在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 文件夹下查看网卡名称[root@centos-vm ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group d...
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