What are some lesser known but useful Unix commands

A few that come to mind, some less known, some more:
 
 xargs or parallel: run things in parallel, with lots of options
 sed and awk: more well-known but still super useful for processing text files, and faster than Python or Ruby
 m4: simple macro processor
 screen: powerful terminal multiplexing and session persistence
 yes: print a string a lot
 cal: nice calendar
 env: run a command (useful in scripts)
 look: find English words (or lines in a file) beginning with a string
 cut and paste and join: data manipulation
 fmt: format text paragraphs
 pr: format text into pages/columns
 fold: wrap lines of text
 column: format text into columns or tables
 expand and unexpand: convert between tabs and spaces
 nl: add line numbers
 seq: print numbers
 bc: calculator
 factor: factor integers
 nc: network debugging and data transfer
 dd: moving data between files or devices
 file: identify type of a file
 stat: file info
 tac: print files in reverse
 shuf: random selection of lines from a file
 comm: compare sorted files line by line
 hd and bvi: dump or edit binary files
 strings: extract text from binary files
 tr: character translation or manipulation
 iconv or uconv: conversion for text encodings
 split and csplit: splitting files
 7z: high-ratio file compression
 ldd: dynamic library info
 nm: symbols from object files
 ab: benchrmarking web servers
 strace: system call debugging
 mtr: better traceroute for network debugging
 cssh: visual concurrent shell
 wireshark and tshark: packet capture and network debugging
 host and dig: DNS lookups
 lsof: process file descriptor and socket info
 dstat: useful system stats
 iostat: CPU and disk usage stats
 htop: improved version of top
 last: login history
 w: who's logged on
 id: user/group identity info
 sar: historic system stats
 iftop or nethogs: network utilization by socket or process
 ss: socket statistics
 dmesg: boot and system error messages
 (Linux) hdparm: SATA/ATA disk manipulation/performance
 (Linux) lsb_release: Linux distribution info
 (Linux) lshw: hardware information
 fortune, ddate, and sl: um, well, it depends on whether you consider steam locomotives and Zippy quotations "useful"