GNU Make Manual

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GNU Make

A Program for Directing Recompilation

GNU make Version 3.82

July 2010

by Richard M. Stallman, Roland McGrath, Paul D. Smith

 

This file documents the GNU make utility, which determines automatically which pieces of

a large program need to be recompiled, and issues the commands to recompile them.

This is Edition 0.71, last updated 19 July 2010, of The GNU Make Manual, for GNU make

version 3.82.
Published by the Free Software Foundation

 

官方链接地址有两个，一个是： http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.pdf

                            另外一个是： http://www.gnu.org/s/make/manual/make.pdf

共有192页，循序渐进，非常详细。

或者在google.com英文版中搜索关键词  GNU Make Manual

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GNU-make中文手册.pdf
02-08
很有用的makefile编写指南 有书签
《GNU make中文手册》
04-08
GUN make 中文手册 译者:徐海兵 2004-09-11 3.5.6 库文件和搜索目录 .................................................................................................... 36 3.6 Makefile伪目标.............................................................................................................. 37 3.7 强制目标(没有命令或依赖的规则) ............................................................................. 40 3.8 空目标文件..................................................................................................................... 41 3.9 Makefile的特殊目标....................................................................................................... 41 3.10 多目标............................................................................................................................ 44 3.11 多规则目标..................................................................................................................... 44 3.12 静态模式 ........................................................................................................................ 45 3.12.1 静态模式规则的语法 ....................................................................................... 45 3.12.2 静态模式和隐含规则 ....................................................................................... 47 3.13 双冒号规则..................................................................................................................... 48 3.14 自动产生依赖 ................................................................................................................. 49 第四章:规则的命令 .................................................................................................................. 51 4 规则中书写命令 ................................................................................................................... 51 4.1 命令回显 ........................................................................................................................ 51 4.2 命令的执行..................................................................................................................... 52 4.3 并发执行命令 ................................................................................................................. 53 4.4 命令执行的错误.............................................................................................................. 54 4.5 中断make的执行............................................................................................................ 56 4.6 make的递归执行............................................................................................................ 56 4.6.1 变量MAKE ............................................................................................................... 57 4.6.2 变量和递归 ............................................................................................................... 58 4.6.3 命令行选项和递归 .................................................................................................... 61 4.6.4 -w选项...................................................................................................................... 63 4.7 定义命令包..................................................................................................................... 63 4.8 空命令............................................................................................................................ 65 第五章:Makefile中的变量......................................................................................................... 65 5 使用变量 .............................................................................................................................. 65 5.1 变量的引用..................................................................................................................... 66 5.2 两种变量定义(赋值)................................................................................................... 68 5.2.1 递归展开式变量........................................................................................................ 68 5.2.2 直接展开式变量........................................................................................................ 69 5.2.3 如何定义一个空格 .................................................................................................... 70 5.2.4 “?=”操作符 ............................................................................................................. 71 5.3 变量的高级用法.............................................................................................................. 71 5.3.1 变量的替换引用........................................................................................................ 72 5.3.2 变量的套嵌引用........................................................................................................ 72 5.4 变量取值 ........................................................................................................................ 76 5.5 如何设置变量 ................................................................................................................. 76 5.6 追加变量值..................................................................................................................... 77 5.7 override 指示符 ............................................................................................................. 79 5.8 多行定义 ........................................................................................................................ 80 5.9 系统环境变量 ................................................................................................................. 81 5.10 目标指定变量 ................................................................................................................. 83 5.11 模式指定变量 ................................................................................................................. 84 第六章:Makefile的条件执行 ..................................................................................................... 85 6 Makefile的条件判断 ............................................................................................................. 85 6.1 一个例子 ........................................................................................................................ 85 6.2 条件判断的基本语法 ...................................................................................................... 86 2004年9月11日 3GUN make 中文手册 6.3 标记测试的条件语句 ...................................................................................................... 89 第七章:make的内嵌函数.......................................................................................................... 89 7 make的函数 ......................................................................................................................... 89 7.1 函数的调用语法.............................................................................................................. 90 7.2 文本处理函数 ................................................................................................................. 91 7.2.1 $(subst FROM,TO,TEXT) ....................................................................................... 91 7.2.2 $(patsubst PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,TEXT) ..................................................... 91 7.2.3 $(strip STRINT)....................................................................................................... 92 7.2.4 $(findstring FIND,IN) .............................................................................................. 92 7.2.5 $(filter PATTERN...,TEXT) ..................................................................................... 93 7.2.6 $(filter-out PATTERN...,TEXT) ............................................................................... 93 7.2.7 $(sort LIST) ............................................................................................................. 94 7.2.8 $(word N,TEXT) ...................................................................................................... 94 7.2.9 $(wordlist S,E,TEXT).............................................................................................. 94 7.2.10 $(words TEXT) .............................................................................................. 94 7.2.11 $(firstword NAMES...) .................................................................................. 95 7.3 文件名处理函数.............................................................................................................. 95 7.3.1 $(dir NAMES...) ...................................................................................................... 95 7.3.2 $(notdir NAMES...)................................................................................................. 96 7.3.3 $(suffix NAMES...) ................................................................................................. 96 7.3.4 $(basename NAMES...) ......................................................................................... 96 7.3.5 $(addsuffix SUFFIX,NAMES...) ............................................................................. 97 7.3.6 $(addprefix PREFIX,NAMES...) ............................................................................. 97 7.3.7 $(join LIST1,LIST2)................................................................................................. 98 7.3.8 $(wildcard PATTERN) ............................................................................................ 98 7.4 foreach 函数................................................................................................................. 98 7.5 if 函数 ......................................................................................................................... 100 7.6 call函数 ....................................................................................................................... 100 7.7 value函数 .................................................................................................................... 102 7.8 eval函数 ...................................................................................................................... 103 7.9 origin函数 ................................................................................................................... 104 7.10 shell函数 ..................................................................................................................... 106 7.11 make的控制函数.......................................................................................................... 106 7.11.1 $(error TEXT...) ........................................................................................... 107 7.11.2 $(warning TEXT...)...................................................................................... 107 第八章:执行make .................................................................................................................. 108 8 执行make .......................................................................................................................... 108 8.1 指定makefile文件 ........................................................................................................ 108 8.2 指定终极目标 ............................................................................................................... 109 8.3 替代命令的执行............................................................................................................ 111 8.4 防止特定文件重建 ........................................................................................................ 112 8.5 替换变量定义 ............................................................................................................... 113 8.6 使用make进行编译测试............................................................................................... 114 8.7 make的命令行选项 ...................................................................................................... 115 第九章:make的隐含规则........................................................................................................ 119 9 使用隐含规则 ..................................................................................................................... 119 9.1 隐含规则的使用............................................................................................................ 119 9.2 make的隐含规则一览 .................................................................................................. 121 9.3 隐含变量 ...................................................................................................................... 124 9.3.1 代表命令的变量...................................................................................................... 124 9.3.2 命令参数的变量...................................................................................................... 125 9.4 make隐含规则链.......................................................................................................... 126 2004年9月11日 4GUN make 中文手册 9.5 模式规则 ...................................................................................................................... 128 9.5.1 模式规则介绍 ......................................................................................................... 128 9.5.2 模式规则示例 ......................................................................................................... 129 9.5.3 自动化变量 ............................................................................................................. 130 9.5.4 模式的匹配 ............................................................................................................. 133 9.5.5 万用规则 ................................................................................................................ 133 9.5.6 重建内嵌隐含规则 .................................................................................................. 134 9.6 缺省规则 ...................................................................................................................... 135 9.7 后缀规则 ...................................................................................................................... 135 9.8 隐含规则搜索算法 ........................................................................................................ 137 第十章:使用make更新静态库文件 ......................................................................................... 138 10 更新静态库文件............................................................................................................ 138 10.1 库成员作为目标............................................................................................................ 138 ARCHIVE(MEMBER) .............................................................................................................. 138 10.2 静态库的更新 ............................................................................................................... 139 10.2.1 更新静态库的符号索引表 .............................................................................. 140 10.3 make静态库的注意事项............................................................................................... 141 10.4 静态库的后缀规则 ........................................................................................................ 141 第十一章 : GNU make的特点............................................................................................... 142 11 GNU make的一些特点 ................................................................................................. 142 11.1 源自System v的特点 ................................................................................................... 142 11.2 源自其他版本的特点 .................................................................................................... 143 11.3 GNU make自身的特点 ................................................................................................. 143 第十二章 和其它版本的兼容 .................................................................................................... 144 12 不兼容性 ...................................................................................................................... 144 第十三章 Makefile的约定 ........................................................................................................ 146 13 书写约定 ...................................................................................................................... 146 13.1 基本的约定................................................................................................................... 146 13.2 规则命令行的约定 ........................................................................................................ 147 13.3 代表命令变量 ............................................................................................................... 149 13.4 安装目录变量 ............................................................................................................... 150 13.5 Makefile的标准目标名 ................................................................................................. 154 13.6 安装命令分类 ............................................................................................................... 159 第十四章 make的常见错误信息............................................................................................... 161 14 make产生的错误信息 .......................................................................................................... 161 附录1:关键字索引................................................................................................................. 163 GNU make可识别的指示符:.............................................................................................. 163 GNU make函数: ............................................................................................................... 164 GNU make的自动化变量..................................................................................................... 165 GNU make环境变量 ............................................................................................................ 166 后序 ......................................................................................................................................... 166
The GNU Make Book.pdf
09-21
Paperback: 256 pages Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (April 16, 2015) Language: English ISBN-10: 1593276494 ISBN-13: 978-1593276492 GNU make is the most widely used build automation tool, but it can be challenging to master and its terse language can be tough to parse for even experienced programmers. Those who run into difficulties face a long, involved struggle, often leaving unsolved problems behind and GNU make's vast potential untapped. The GNU Make Book demystifies GNU make and shows you how to use its best features. You'll find a fast, thorough rundown of the basics of variables, rules, targets, and makefiles. Learn how to fix wastefully long build times and other common problems, and gain insight into more advanced capabilities, such as complex pattern rules. With this utterly pragmatic manual and cookbook, you'll make rapid progress toward becoming a more effective user. You'll also learn how to: Master user-defined functions, variables, and path handling Weigh the pitfalls and advantages of GNU make parallelization Handle automatic dependency generation, rebuilding, and non-recursive make Modify the GNU make source and take advantage of the GNU Make Standard Library Create makefile assertions and debug makefiles GNU make is known for being tricky to use, but it doesn't have to be. If you're looking for a deeper understanding of this indispensable tool, you'll find The GNU Make Book to be an indispensable guide.
Gun Make手册学习----2
爱骑行的小白
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GUN_make中文手册.pdf
02-22
GUN_make中文手册.pdf。我觉得讲的还比较可以，大致浏览一遍的话很有好处的
GNU make manual 翻译( 一百四十九)
weixin_34200628的博客
12-12 92
继续翻译 5.7.4 The `--print-directory' Option ------------------------------------ If you use several levels of recursive `make' invocations, the `-w' or `--print-directory' optio...
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GNU Make Manual / GNU.Make.Book / Managing.Projects.with.GNU.Make
07-02
GNU Make Manual 4.0 / GNU.Make.Book / Managing.Projects.with.GNU.Make 英文版，文字清晰、排版良好， 是学习make/makefile的最佳资源
GUN C库手册
11-01
C语言函数库手册 本文档中描述的GNU C库定义了所有的库函数 由ISO C标准规定，以及具体的POSIX和附加功能 UNIX操作系统的其他衍生工具和特定于GNU系统的扩展。 本手册的目的是告诉您如何使用GNU库的工具。 我们已经提到哪些功能属于哪些标准来帮助您识别事物。 这是潜在的不可移植到其他系统。但本手册中强调的不是 论严格的可移植性。
GNU Make 使用手册（中译版）.pdf
01-05
想成为一个专业的 C/C++ 程序员？不会写 Makefile 是不行的。Makefile 关系到了整个工程的编译规则。一个工程中的源文件不计其数，按其类型、功能、模块分别放在若干个目录中。Makefile 定义了一系列的规则来指定哪些文件需要先编译，哪些文件需要后编译，哪些文件需要重新编译，甚至于进行更复杂的功能操作。因为 Makefile 就像一个 Shell 脚本一样，其中也可以执行操作系统的命令。 想学习自己动手写 Makefile ？GNU 的 make 不得不看。因为这个 make 是应用最为广泛，也是用的最多的。本电子书是 GNU Version 3.79，pdf 格式，中文版。作者觉得非常不错，不敢独享，拿出来分享给大家。
GNU_Make_Manual
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GNU_Make_Manual，帮助文档
GNU Make中文版和英文版.zip
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英文版是与官网https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/一致 中文版很清晰
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本人在阅读 Linux 源代码过程中发现如果要全面了解 Linux 的结构、理解 Linux 的编程总体设计及思想必须首先全部读通 Linux 源代码中各级的 Makefile 文件。目前，在网上虽然有一些著作，但都不能全面的解释 Linux 源代码中各级的 Makefile 文件， 因此本人认真阅读了 GNU Make 使用手册（ 3.79 ）版原文，在此基础上翻译了该手册，以满足对 Linux 源代码有兴趣或者希望采用 GCC 编写程序但对缺乏 GNU Make全面了解之人士的需要。--作者
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GNU make manual
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