CentOS7 yum安装Ansible并验证

在CentOS7下，采用yum形式安装Anisle并进行验证。

安装Ansible

直接采用yum安装，默认安装的是环境为Python2。

安装Ansible需要epel源。

[root@root ~]# yum install ansible -y
# 仅显示依赖部分
Dependencies Resolved

============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                      Arch                                            Version                                                 Repository                                       Size
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ansible                                                                      noarch                                          2.9.25-1.el7                                            epel                                             17 M
Installing for dependencies:
 PyYAML                                                                       x86_64                                          3.10-11.el7                                             base                                            153 k
 libyaml                                                                      x86_64                                          0.1.4-11.el7_0                                          base                                             55 k
 python-babel                                                                 noarch                                          0.9.6-8.el7                                             base                                            1.4 M
 python-backports                                                             x86_64                                          1.0-8.el7                                               base                                            5.8 k
 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname                                          noarch                                          3.5.0.1-1.el7                                           base                                             13 k
 python-cffi                                                                  x86_64                                          1.6.0-5.el7                                             base                                            218 k
 python-enum34                                                                noarch                                          1.0.4-1.el7                                             base                                             52 k
 python-idna                                                                  noarch                                          2.4-1.el7                                               base                                             94 k
 python-ipaddress                                                             noarch                                          1.0.16-2.el7                                            base                                             34 k
 python-jinja2                                                                noarch                                          2.7.2-4.el7                                             base                                            519 k
 python-markupsafe                                                            x86_64                                          0.11-10.el7                                             base                                             25 k
 python-paramiko                                                              noarch                                          2.1.1-9.el7                                             base                                            269 k
 python-ply                                                                   noarch                                          3.4-11.el7                                              base                                            123 k
 python-pycparser                                                             noarch                                          2.14-1.el7                                              base                                            104 k
 python-setuptools                                                            noarch                                          0.9.8-7.el7                                             base                                            397 k
 python2-cryptography                                                         x86_64                                          1.7.2-2.el7                                             base                                            502 k
 python2-httplib2                                                             noarch                                          0.18.1-3.el7                                            epel                                            125 k
 python2-jmespath                                                             noarch                                          0.9.4-2.el7                                             epel                                             41 k
 python2-pyasn1                                                               noarch                                          0.1.9-7.el7                                             base                                            100 k
 sshpass                                                                      x86_64                                          1.06-2.el7                                              extras                                           21 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+20 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 21 M
Installed size: 122 M

查看已安装Ansible版本

[root@root ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.25
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]

查看默认配置文件列表

[root@root ~]# ll /etc/ansible
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19985 Aug 22 04:07 ansible.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1016 Aug 22 04:07 hosts
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 22 04:07 roles

设置免密登陆

[root@root ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:cJ/tuzJTkYguW8mluVn8x+6CZgZPbEKTZEqGuF60Wiw root@webserver
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   . .           |
|  . o o o        |
|   + +.+.o . .   |
|  E = .o=.ooo    |
| . =   +SOo ..   |
|  o   . X *..    |
|       + X +..   |
|      . o X o.o  |
|         + +o*o  |
+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@root-webserver ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.40
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.40 (172.16.1.40)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Te3efu3dJGjY/KkzMxaQ/dBIo17o7b2hFvrllYKttn0.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6f:e9:75:78:6e:a9:da:95:09:c4:e7:23:59:10:97:39.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@172.16.1.40's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@172.16.1.40'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

验证免密登陆

[root@root ~]# ssh 'root@172.16.1.40'
Last login: Sun Jan  9 18:04:23 2022 from 172.16.1.40
[root@root ~]# logout

添加主机

[root@root ~]# vi /etc/ansible/hosts 
[cloud]
172.16.1.40

使用ping模块测试主机是否配置成功

[root@root ~]# ansible cloud -m ping
172.16.1.40 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

查看cloud组主机

[root@root ~]# ansible cloud --list-hosts
  hosts (1):
    172.16.1.40