preempt_count分析

kernel通过preempt_count变量来判断是否处于中断(soft/hard/nmi)上下文,是否可以抢占,先看示例

#define in_irq()		(hardirq_count())
#define hardirq_count()	(preempt_count() & HARDIRQ_MASK)
static __always_inline int preempt_count(void)
{
	return current_thread_info()->preempt_count;
}

static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void) __attribute_const__;

struct thread_info {
	unsigned long		flags;		/* low level flags */
	int			preempt_count;	/* 0 => preemptable, <0 => bug */
	mm_segment_t		addr_limit;	/* address limit */
	struct task_struct	*task;		/* main task structure */
	__u32			cpu;		/* cpu */
	__u32			cpu_domain;	/* cpu domain */
	struct cpu_context_save	cpu_context;	/* cpu context */
	__u32			syscall;	/* syscall number */
	__u8			used_cp[16];	/* thread used copro */
	unsigned long		tp_value[2];	/* TLS registers */
#ifdef CONFIG_CRUNCH
	struct crunch_state	crunchstate;
#endif
	union fp_state		fpstate __attribute__((aligned(8)));
	union vfp_state		vfpstate;
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_THUMBEE
	unsigned long		thumbee_state;	/* ThumbEE Handler Base register */
#endif
};

preempt_count具体定义 

linux/preempt.h

/*
 * We put the hardirq and softirq counter into the preemption
 * counter. The bitmask has the following meaning:
 *
 * - bits 0-7 are the preemption count (max preemption depth: 256)
 * - bits 8-15 are the softirq count (max # of softirqs: 256)
 *
 * The hardirq count could in theory be the same as the number of
 * interrupts in the system, but we run all interrupt handlers with
 * interrupts disabled, so we cannot have nesting interrupts. Though
 * there are a few palaeontologic drivers which reenable interrupts in
 * the handler, so we need more than one bit here.
 *
 *         PREEMPT_MASK:	0x000000ff
 *         SOFTIRQ_MASK:	0x0000ff00
 *         HARDIRQ_MASK:	0x000f0000
 *             NMI_MASK:	0x00100000
 * PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED:	0x80000000
 */
#define PREEMPT_BITS	8
#define SOFTIRQ_BITS	8
#define HARDIRQ_BITS	4
#define NMI_BITS	1

#define PREEMPT_SHIFT	0
#define SOFTIRQ_SHIFT	(PREEMPT_SHIFT + PREEMPT_BITS)
#define HARDIRQ_SHIFT	(SOFTIRQ_SHIFT + SOFTIRQ_BITS)
#define NMI_SHIFT	(HARDIRQ_SHIFT + HARDIRQ_BITS)

#define __IRQ_MASK(x)	((1UL << (x))-1)

#define PREEMPT_MASK	(__IRQ_MASK(PREEMPT_BITS) << PREEMPT_SHIFT)
#define SOFTIRQ_MASK	(__IRQ_MASK(SOFTIRQ_BITS) << SOFTIRQ_SHIFT)
#define HARDIRQ_MASK	(__IRQ_MASK(HARDIRQ_BITS) << HARDIRQ_SHIFT)
#define NMI_MASK	(__IRQ_MASK(NMI_BITS)     << NMI_SHIFT)

#define PREEMPT_OFFSET	(1UL << PREEMPT_SHIFT)
#define SOFTIRQ_OFFSET	(1UL << SOFTIRQ_SHIFT)
#define HARDIRQ_OFFSET	(1UL << HARDIRQ_SHIFT)
#define NMI_OFFSET	(1UL << NMI_SHIFT)

#define SOFTIRQ_DISABLE_OFFSET	(2 * SOFTIRQ_OFFSET)

/* We use the MSB mostly because its available */
#define PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED	0x80000000

/* preempt_count() and related functions, depends on PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED */
#include <asm/preempt.h>

#define hardirq_count()	(preempt_count() & HARDIRQ_MASK)
#define softirq_count()	(preempt_count() & SOFTIRQ_MASK)
#define irq_count()	(preempt_count() & (HARDIRQ_MASK | SOFTIRQ_MASK \
				 | NMI_MASK))

/*
 * Are we doing bottom half or hardware interrupt processing?
 *
 * in_irq()       - We're in (hard) IRQ context
 * in_softirq()   - We have BH disabled, or are processing softirqs
 * in_interrupt() - We're in NMI,IRQ,SoftIRQ context or have BH disabled
 * in_serving_softirq() - We're in softirq context
 * in_nmi()       - We're in NMI context
 * in_task()	  - We're in task context
 *
 * Note: due to the BH disabled confusion: in_softirq(),in_interrupt() really
 *       should not be used in new code.
 */
#define in_irq()		(hardirq_count())
#define in_softirq()		(softirq_count())
#define in_interrupt()		(irq_count())
#define in_serving_softirq()	(softirq_count() & SOFTIRQ_OFFSET)
#define in_nmi()		(preempt_count() & NMI_MASK)
#define in_task()		(!(preempt_count() & \
				   (NMI_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK | SOFTIRQ_OFFSET)))
NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt)

硬中断会有如下流程，如PPI和SPI 

int __handle_domain_irq(struct irq_domain *domain, unsigned int hwirq,bool lookup, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	irq_enter();
	irq = irq_find_mapping(domain, hwirq);
	generic_handle_irq(irq);
	irq_exit();
	
}

void irq_enter(void){
	preempt_count_add(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
}

void irq_exit(void)
{
	preempt_count_sub(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
}

软中断处理函数

asmlinkage __visible void __softirq_entry __do_softirq(void)
{
	__local_bh_disable_ip(_RET_IP_, SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
restart:
	........................................
	__local_bh_enable(SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
}


static __always_inline void __local_bh_disable_ip(unsigned long ip, unsigned int cnt)
{
	preempt_count_add(cnt);
}
static void __local_bh_enable(unsigned int cnt)
{
	preempt_count_sub(cnt);
}

#define preempt_disable() \
do { \
	preempt_count_inc(); \
	barrier(); \
} while (0)
#define preempt_enable() \
do { \
	barrier(); \
	if (unlikely(preempt_count_dec_and_test())) \
		__preempt_schedule(); \
} while (0)