Python TIPS

Python TIPS

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前言

记忆力不行了, 每次都上网查资料。把常用的方法集中记录在这儿吧!

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一、零散Tips

1. 显示当前时间：

print(f"{time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.localtime())}==正在查询第{i} - {i + 1000}条数据=========")

2. 读取excel和csv至dataframe：

# excel
xlsx = pd.ExcelFile(file)
df = pd.read_excel(xlsx, "Sheet1", dtype=str)
# csv
df = pd.read_csv(path + file, dtype=str)

3. 正则表达式匹配：

import re

pattern = re.compile(r'\d+')  # 查找数字
re1 = pattern.findall('7760777短号，81064107长号 7765678短号，81065574长号 谢谢')
re2 = pattern.search('runoob 123 google 456')
# 123 只匹配了一次，匹配首个符合要求的字符串

print(re1)  # 匹配结果列表
print(re2) #匹配结果字符串

二、Python操作数据库的方法

1.常规方式

代码如下（mysql）：

import pymysql

db = pymysql.connect(host='x.x.x.x', user='xxx', passwd='xxx', db='xxx', port=xxx, charset='utf8')
try:
    # 检验数据库是否连接成功
    cursor = db.cursor()
    records = cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM `{table}` order by {pk} limit {offset},1000")
    if not records:
        print("Not get records!")
        return []
    print(f"共查询到 {records} 条记录")
    all = cursor.fetchall()
    for x in all:
       data.append(
           dict(
               zip(
                   [k[0] for k in cursor.description],
                   [v for v in x]
               )
           )
       )       
except pymysql.Error as e:
    print(e)
    print('操作数据库失败')
finally:
    # 如果连接成功就要关闭数据库
    if db:
        db.close()

Oracle代码：

import cx_Oracle

tns = cx_Oracle.makedsn('x.x.x.x', port, 'schem')
db = cx_Oracle.connect('user','password', tns)
cr = db.cursor()
sql = "select * from table where rownum<3"
cr.execute(sql)

for field in cr.description:
    print(f"{field[1]} - {field[0]}")
    #print(f'[Column("{field[0]}")]')
rs = cr.fetchall()
for x in rs:
    print(x)
    #print(dict(zip([k[0] for k in cr.description], [v for v in x])))
cr.close()
db.close()

2.使用ORM框架Sqlalchemy

代码如下（示例）：

import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import sqlalchemy

ORACLE_ENGINE = create_engine(f'oracle+cx_oracle://{oc.User}:{oc.Pass}@{oc.IP}:{oc.Port}/{oc.Instance}')
MYSQL_ENGINE = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:password@localhost/dbname?charset=utf8')

# 1. 从数据库读入至dataframe
def get_datas_from_yzb():
    sql = "select * from table"
    return pd.read_sql(sql, ORACLE_ENGINE)

# 2. dataframe数据入库, 数据库表并不会建立索引, 影响查询速度, 可用原生sql建立索引
df.to_sql('match_of_client_and_service', MYSQL_ENGINE, index=False, if_exists='replace')
# 为Table增加主键, 以更快地查询
    try:
        sql = "alter table table add primary key(业务账号_x(50))"
        MYSQL_ENGINE.execute(sql)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

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