Single Number II

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-12 11:35:40 发布

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Single Number II

https://oj.leetcode.com/discuss/6632/challenge-me-thx

public int singleNumber(int[] A) {
    int ones = 0, twos = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < A.length; i++){
        ones = (ones ^ A[i]) & ~twos;
        twos = (twos ^ A[i]) & ~ones;
    }
    return ones;
}

askedJun 25in Single Number IIby againest1(220 points)

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The code seems tricky and hard to understand at first glance. However, if you consider the problem in Boolean algebra form, everything becomes clear.

What we need to do is to store the number of '1's of every bit. Since each of the 32 bits follow the same rules, we just need to consider 1 bit. We know a number appears 3 times at most, so we need 2 bits to store that. Now we have 4 state, 00, 01, 10 and 11, but we only need 3 of them.

In this solution, 00, 01 and 10 are chosen. Let 'ones' represents the first bit, 'twos' represents the second bit. Then we need to set rules for 'ones' and 'twos' so that they act as we hopes. The complete loop is 00->10->01->00(0->1->2->3/0).

For 'ones', we can get 'ones = ones ^ A[i]; if (twos == 1) then ones = 0', that can be tansformed to 'ones = (ones ^ A[i]) & ~twos'.
Similarly, for 'twos', we can get 'twos = twos ^ A[i]; if (ones* == 1) then twos = 0' and 'twos = (twos ^ A[i]) & ~ones'. Notice that 'ones*' is the value of 'ones' after calculation, that is why twos iscalculated later.

Here is another example. If a number appears 5 times at most, we can write a program using the same method. Now we need 3 bits and the loop is 000->100->010->110->001. The code looks like this:

int singleNumber(int A[], int n) {
    int na = 0, nb = 0, nc = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        nb = nb ^ (A[i] & na);
        na = (na ^ A[i]) & ~nc;
        nc = nc ^ (A[i] & ~na & ~nb);
    }
    return na & ~nb & ~nc;
}

Or even like this:

int singleNumber(int A[], int n) {
    int twos = 0xffffffff, threes = 0xffffffff, ones = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        threes = threes ^ (A[i] & twos);
        twos = (twos ^ A[i]) & ~ones;
        ones = ones ^ (A[i] & ~twos & ~threes);
    }
    return ones;
}