专利知识图谱构建

只是想记录一下自己的课程作业，如果对读者也有一些帮助就更好啦！

使用的工具为python+neo4j。

1.数据来源

以IncoPat专利数据库为数据来源，通过构建检索式(IPC=(A01C15/00)) AND (PD=[20220101 TO 20230101])筛选出2022年施肥机械相关的数据，共获取到1901条专利数据。

2.本体设计

该本体结构包括5 种实体类型，4种语义关系。

 

实体名称	实体描述
patentid	专利号，专利的唯一标识符，包含属性title：专利的中文标题
claimer	专利的申请人，可以是个人也可以是机构或企业
publicdate	专利的公开日期
patenttype	专利的类型，共有三种：发明申请、发明授权、实用新型
country	专利的公开国别

关系名称	关系描述
claim	(claimer, claim, patentid)
dateis	(patentid, dateis, publicdate)
typeis	(patentid, typeis, patenttype)
countryis	(patentid, countryis, country)

3.实体与关系构建

4.数据存储

完整代码如下：

from py2neo import Graph,Node,Relationship,Subgraph
import csv

patentgraph = Graph("http://localhost:7474", auth=("neo4j", "neo4j"))

with open('fertilizermachine.csv') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        #create entities
        patentid = Node("patentid", name=row["公开（公告）号"])
        patentid['title'] = row["标题 (中文)"]#create attributes
        patentgraph.create(patentid)

        claimer = patentgraph.nodes.match("claimer", name=row["申请人"]).first()
        if not claimer:
            claimer = Node("claimer", name=row["申请人"])
            patentgraph.create(claimer)

        publicdate = patentgraph.nodes.match("publicdate", name=row["公开（公告）日"]).first()
        if not publicdate:
            publicdate = Node("publicdate", name=row["公开（公告）日"])
            patentgraph.create(publicdate)

        patenttype = patentgraph.nodes.match("patenttype", name=row["专利类型"]).first()
        if not patenttype:
            patenttype = Node("patenttype", name=row["专利类型"])
            patentgraph.create(patenttype)

        country = patentgraph.nodes.match("country", name=row["公开国别"]).first()
        if not country:
            country = Node("country", name=row["公开国别"])
            patentgraph.create(country)


        #create relationships
        claim = Relationship(claimer, "claim", patentid)
        dateis = Relationship(patentid, "dateis", publicdate)
        typeis = Relationship(patentid, "typeis", patenttype)
        countryis = Relationship(patentid, "countryis", country)

        A = Subgraph(relationships=[claim, dateis, typeis, countryis])
        patentgraph.create(A)

        print(row)

5.图谱展示

 done√