菜鸟学Android(四十四)：jsp标签技术简介及jsp标签的开发详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 22:08:15 发布

milsevol米林

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-28 22:08:15 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/milsevol/article/details/47296989

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一、jsp标签技术简介

在jsp中要写的java代码很多，人们希望java能从jsp页面中抽离出来，所以就出现了jsp标签技术，也称为JSP动作元素

jsp标签技术分为四大类

1.jsp标签：也称为jsp动作元素，这是java自带的，不用引入第三方的包

2.el表达式：作用主要是替代<%= %>脚本表达式，另外有一套EL函数库（由san公司提供）

3.JSTL标签库：在javaee4.0之前要导入jar包，但是5.0之后就不用了，但是需要<%@ taglib%>指令引入标签库

4.自定义标签，这是在上面几种情况不能满足实际开发的时候，可以采取自定义标签。

二、jsp标签

从上面已经看到了jsp标签技术有四大类，下面先看

jsp标签由san公司提供，不用引入jar包，它的作用就是抽离java代码，它把用java代码实现的功能用标签技术来实现。

常见的方法

<jsp:include>标签

用来替代request.getRequestDispatcher().include()，页面包含的作用。

<jsp:forward>标签

用来替代request.getRequestDispatcher().forward()，页面转发。

<jsp:param>标签

配合前两个标签使用，可以在包含或转发时，带一些参数过去

2.1 <jsp:include>标签

新建一个 bq_Include.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>


  </head>
  
  <body>
   <jsp:include page="bq_Include_header.jsp"></jsp:include>
   <h3>这是主体</h3>
  </body>
</html>

上面的bq_Include_header.jsp，如下

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <h1>这是头部</h1>
  </body>
</html>

这时候再浏览器中输入：http://localhost/Day06/Biaoqian/bq_Include.jsp，可得

查看源码

而bq_Include.jsp和bq_Include_header.jsp转换的servlet没有合并

上面的我们也可以用原始的java来实现

只需要改动bq_Include.jsp即可

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>


  </head>
  
  <body>
  <%//这是jsp标签技术实现的 
  
   //<jsp:include page="bq_Include_header.jsp"></jsp:include>
   %>
   
   <%//这是java代码实现的 %>
   <%
     request.getRequestDispatcher("bq_Include_header.jsp").include(request,response);
    %>
   <h3>这是主体</h3>
  </body>
</html>

那么在浏览器可显示

但是里面的源码跟用JSP标签的不一样

‘

另外可以用jsp指令来合并，那么跟上面的有什么区别？

jsp指令来合并

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>


  </head>
  
  <body>
  <%//这是jsp标签技术实现的 
  
   //<jsp:include page="bq_Include_header.jsp"></jsp:include>
   %>
   
    <%//这是java代码实现的 %>
   <%
   //request.getRequestDispatcher("bq_Include_header.jsp").include(request,response);
    %>
     <%//这是jsp指令实现的 %>
    <%@ include file="bq_Include_header.jsp" %>
   <h3>这是主体</h3>
  </body>
</html>

注意这时候要去掉bq_Include.jsp里面的代码

<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

才不会报错，为什么呢？后面再讲

然后可再浏览器看到：

然后看它的源代码：

但是跟上面不同的是，这两个jsp只转换成一个servlet 可看下面：

这就解释了为什么要删除一个路径，因为两个路径的话，会造成冲突。

<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

那么转换后的bq_Include_jsp.java是怎么样的？

/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42
 * Generated at: 2015-08-05 07:59:16 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp.Biaoqian;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.*;

public final class bq_005fInclude_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  static {
    _jspx_dependants = new java.util.HashMap<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long>(1);
    _jspx_dependants.put("/Biaoqian/bq_Include_header.jsp", Long.valueOf(1438761477571L));
  }

  private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
    _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
    _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
        throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("  <head>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("  </head>\r\n");
      out.write("  \r\n");
      out.write("  <body>\r\n");
      out.write("  ");
//这是jsp标签技术实现的 
  
   //<jsp:include page="bq_Include_header.jsp"></jsp:include>
   
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("   \r\n");
      out.write("   ");
//这是java代码实现的 
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("   ");

   //request.getRequestDispatcher("bq_Include_header.jsp").include(request,response);
    
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("    ");
      out.write('\r');
      out.write('\n');

String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("  <head>\r\n");
      out.write("    \r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("  </head>\r\n");
      out.write("  \r\n");
      out.write("  <body>\r\n");
      out.write("    <h1>这是头部</h1>\r\n");
      out.write("  </body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("   <h3>这是主体</h3>\r\n");
      out.write("  </body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

jsp标签include和jsp指令include的区别

其实从上面已经知道了jsp标签include将两个jsp变成两servlet

而jsp指令include则是合成一个servlet,这就说明两个jsp页面中不能有相同的变量，以免合成一个servlet的时候造成冲突。

如下面，先用jsp标签

新建一个Include02.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>

  </head>
  
  <body>
  	<jsp:include page="Include02_header.jsp"></jsp:include>
   <%!
    int i=10;
   %>
   <h1>Include02.jsp中i的值为：<%=i%></h1>
  </body>
</html>

上面的Include0_header.jsp为：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
   
  </head>
  
  <body>
   <%!
   int i=100;
    %>
    <%="Include02_header的i是："+i %>
  </body>
</html>

因为上面的两个jsp不会合并成一个servlet，所以有相同的变量不会报错，可以输出：

但是如果用jsp指令include改写Include02.jsp的话：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>

  </head>
  
  <body>
   <%@include file="Include02.jsp"%>
   <%!
    int i=10;
   %>
   <h1>Include02.jsp中i的值为：<%=i%></h1>
  </body>
</html>

上面则会报错

2.2<jsp:forward>标签

<jsp:forward>标签的作用是实现请求转发的

下面是案例入门，新建一个forward01.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <jsp:forward page="/Biaoqian/forward01_tiao.jsp"></jsp:forward>
  </body>
</html>

然后将其转发到forward01_taio.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <h1>这是跳转后的页面</h1>
  </body>
</html>

在浏览器输入：http://localhost/Day06/Biaoqian/forward01.jsp ，这时候就会跳转了，如下：

源代码：

上面的地址栏没有变，是因为这是服务器端的跳转，而服务器端的跳转不会影响地址栏

下面用java代码来实现请求转发

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
  </head>
  
  <body>
   <%
   request.getRequestDispatcher("/Biaoqian/forward01_tiao.jsp").forward(request, response);
   
   %> 
    
    
  </body>
</html>

浏览器显示：

这跟jsp标签相似。

注：不能用jsp指令来实现，因为常见的指令没有这个功能。

三大指令没有跳转功能。

2.3 <jsp:param>标签

作用是配合上面的使用，传递参数。

<jsp:param>和<jsp:include>的结合

案例：

param01.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
  	
    

  </head>
  
  <body> 
   <%="这是主体" %>
    <jsp:include page="param01_include.jsp">
    	<jsp:param name="param1" value="name"/>
    	<jsp:param name="param2" value="age"/>
    </jsp:include>
  </body>
</html>

param01_include.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
   
  </head>
  
  <body>
   <h2>param1= <%=request.getParameter("param1") %></h2>
   <h2>param2= <%=request.getParameter("param2") %></h2>
  </body>
</html>

在浏览器中输入：http://localhost/Day06/Biaoqian/param01.jsp，可显示

但是如果将name age改为中文的话，那么就会导致乱码

这是为什么？（待解）

<jsp:param>和<jsp:forward>的结合

只要将上面的param01.jsp 改为forward_param02.jsp即可：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
   

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <jsp:forward page="/Biaoqian/param01_include.jsp">
    	<jsp:param name="param1" value="name"/>
    	<jsp:param name="param2" value="age"/>
    </jsp:forward>
  </body>
</html>

运行后在浏览器可以显示：

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菜鸟学Android(四十四)：jsp标签技术简介及jsp标签的开发详解

一、jsp标签技术简介在jsp中要写的java代码很多，人们希望java能从jsp页面中抽离出来，所以就出现了jsp标签技术，也称为JSP动作元素jsp标签技术分为四大类1.jsp标签：也称为jsp动作元素，这是java自带的，不用引入第三方的包2.el表达式：作用主要是替代脚本表达式，另外有一套EL函数库（由san公司提供）3.JSTL标签库：在javaee4.0之前要
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