GOF23设计模式之责任链模式

责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。也就是将能够处理同一个请求的对象连成一条链，所提交的请求在链上有可传递性，即当前节点处理完可交由下个节点处理。

举个例子，一般公司里请假都需要提交请假申请，然后根据请假天数来决定相应的审批流程，这个审批流程就可以看成是一个链条，请假单需要经过这个完整链才算处理完。比如某公司的请假制度是这样的：1、请假天数为三天之内则由产品经理审批即可；2、三天到五天的还得经过部门经理审批；3、五天以上的还得通过总经理批准才行。

下面就用代码来实现一下这个流程。

先写一个假条信息类RequestLeave，有请假人、请假天数、请假原因几个属性：

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName RequestLeave
 * @Description TODO 请假信息单
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class RequestLeave {
    // 请假人
    private String name;
    // 请假天数
    private int days;
    // 请假原因
    private String reson;

    public RequestLeave() {
    }

    public RequestLeave(String name, int days, String reson) {
        this.name = name;
        this.days = days;
        this.reson = reson;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getDays() {
        return days;
    }

    public void setDays(int days) {
        this.days = days;
    }

    public String getReson() {
        return reson;
    }

    public void setReson(String reson) {
        this.reson = reson;
    }
}

然后是抽象处理类AbstractLeader：

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName AbstractLeader
 * @Description TODO 抽象处理人
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public abstract class AbstractLeader {
    // 领导人
    private String name;
    // 职务
    private String level;
    // 下一位处理者
    private AbstractLeader nextLeader;

    public AbstractLeader(AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        this.nextLeader = nextLeader;
    }

    public AbstractLeader(String name, String level, AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        this.name = name;
        this.level = level;
        this.nextLeader = nextLeader;
    }

    public abstract void handle(RequestLeave requestLeave);

    public AbstractLeader getNextLeader() {
        return nextLeader;
    }

    public void setNextLeader(AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        this.nextLeader = nextLeader;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getLevel() {
        return level;
    }

    public void setLevel(String level) {
        this.level = level;
    }
}

这个类中有包含有下一个处理人，这就是形成链结构的关键。之后是具体处理类，每个具体类都要继承自这个类以包括它的属性信息，实现抽象方法handle，用于处理审批假条。

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName ProductManager
 * @Description TODO 产品经理
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class ProductManager extends AbstractLeader {

    public ProductManager(AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(nextLeader);
    }

    public ProductManager(String name, String level, AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(name, level, nextLeader);
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(RequestLeave requestLeave) {
        // 请假三天之内由产品经理直接审批
        if(requestLeave.getDays() < 3) {
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：直接批准！");
            System.out.println("流程结束！");
        } else {
            // 否则由上级领导审批
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：批准！");
            this.getNextLeader().handle(requestLeave);
        }

    }
}

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName DivisionManager
 * @Description TODO 部门经理
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class DivisionManager extends AbstractLeader {

    public DivisionManager(AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(nextLeader);
    }

    public DivisionManager(String name, String level, AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(name, level, nextLeader);
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(RequestLeave requestLeave) {
        // 请假不大于5天的，由部门经理复批
        if(requestLeave.getDays() <= 5) {
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：批准！");
            System.out.println("流程结束！");
        } else {
            // 否则由上级领导审批
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：批准！");
            this.getNextLeader().handle(requestLeave);
        }
    }
}

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName CompanyManager
 * @Description TODO 公司总经理
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class CompanyManager extends AbstractLeader {

    public CompanyManager(AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(nextLeader);
    }

    public CompanyManager(String name, String level, AbstractLeader nextLeader) {
        super(name, level, nextLeader);
    }

    @Override
    public void handle(RequestLeave requestLeave) {
        if(requestLeave.getDays() > 30) {
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：不用来了！");
            System.out.println("流程结束！");
        } else if(requestLeave.getDays() > 5) {
            System.out.println(requestLeave.getName()+":请假【"+requestLeave.getDays()+"】天，"+this.getLevel()+"：" +this.getName()+ " 表示：批准！");
            System.out.println("流程结束！");
        }
    }
}

最后测试：

package com.minant.responsibility;

/**
 * @ClassName TestResponsibility
 * @Description TODO 测试责任链模式
 * @Author MinAnt
 * @Date 2020/5/27
 * @Version V1.0
 */
public class TestResponsibility {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 请假单
        RequestLeave laowan = new RequestLeave("老王", 3, "身体不适");
        RequestLeave xiaomin = new RequestLeave("小明", 40, "世界那么大，我想去看看！");

        // 责任链
        CompanyManager companyManager = new CompanyManager("马总", "总经理", null);
        DivisionManager divisionManager = new DivisionManager("刘老根", "部门经理",companyManager);
        ProductManager productManager = new ProductManager("钢铁侠", "产品经理", divisionManager);

        productManager.handle(laowan);
        productManager.handle(xiaomin);

    }
}

测试结果：

责任链模式到此结束。

Stay hungry stay foolish!