Java + 数据结构课程设计可以包含以下内容：
1. 数据结构的基本操作：包括栈、队列、链表、树、图等数据结构的基本操作，如插入、删除、查找等。
2. 数据压缩与解压缩：可以使用哈夫曼编码等算法实现数据的压缩和解压缩。
3. 24点扑克牌游戏：可以使用栈和递归等数据结构和算法实现24点扑克牌游戏的计算和判断。
4. 16枚硬币的反面问题：可以使用递归和分治等算法实现16枚硬币的反面问题的求解。
5. 线性表、树、图的操作和演示：可以实现线性表、树、图等数据结构的基本操作，并通过图形化界面演示它们的操作过程。
6. 农夫过河：可以使用广度优先搜索等算法实现农夫过河问题的求解。
7. 迷宫问题：可以使用深度优先搜索等算法实现迷宫问题的求解。
以下是一个Java + 数据结构课程设计的例子：
设计一个简单的图形化界面程序，实现以下功能：
1. 实现一个栈和队列的基本操作，包括入栈、出栈、入队、出队等。
2. 实现一个哈夫曼编码的压缩和解压缩功能。
3. 实现24点扑克牌游戏的计算和判断功能。
4. 实现16枚硬币的反面问题的求解功能。
5. 实现线性表、树、图等数据结构的基本操作，并通过图形化界面演示它们的操作过程。
6. 实现农夫过河问题和迷宫问题的求解功能。
```java
// 栈的实现
class Stack {
private int[] data;
private int top;
public Stack(int size) {
data = new int[size];
top = -1;
}
public void push(int value) {
if (top == data.length - 1) {
System.out.println("Stack is full!");
return;
}
data[++top] = value;
}
public int pop() {
if (top == -1) {
System.out.println("Stack is empty!");
return -1;
}
return data[top--];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return top == -1;
}
}
// 队列的实现
class Queue {
private int[] data;
private int front;
private int rear;
public Queue(int size) {
data = new int[size];
front = rear = -1;
}
public void enqueue(int value) {
if (rear == data.length - 1) {
System.out.println("Queue is full!");
return;
}
data[++rear] = value;
}
public int dequeue() {
if (front == rear) {
System.out.println("Queue is empty!");
return -1;
}
return data[++front];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return front == rear;
}
}
// 哈夫曼编码的实现
class Huffman {
private static class Node implements Comparable<Node> {
int value;
Node left;
Node right;
public Node(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public Node(int value, Node left, Node right) {
this.value = value;
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
public boolean isLeaf() {
return left == null && right == null;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Node o) {
return value - o.value;
}
}
public static void compress(String input, String output) throws IOException {
// 统计字符出现的次数
int[] freq = new int[256];
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
freq[input.charAt(i)]++;
}
// 构建哈夫曼树
PriorityQueue<Node> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
for (int i = 0; i < freq.length; i++) {
if (freq[i] > 0) {
pq.offer(new Node(freq[i], null, null));
}
}
while (pq.size() > 1) {
Node left = pq.poll();
Node right = pq.poll();
pq.offer(new Node(left.value + right.value, left, right));
}
Node root = pq.poll();
// 生成哈夫曼编码表
String[] codes = new String[256]; generateCodes(root, "", codes);
// 写入压缩文件
try (BitOutputStream out = new BitOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(output))) {
// 写入字符出现的次数
for (int i = 0; i < freq.length; i++) {
out.writeInt(freq[i]);
}
// 写入压缩后的数据
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
String code = codes[input.charAt(i)];
for (int j = 0; j < code.length(); j++) {
out.writeBit(code.charAt(j) - '0');
}
}
}
}
public static void decompress(String input, String output) throws IOException {
// 读取字符出现的次数
int[] freq = new int[256];
try (BitInputStream in = new BitInputStream(new FileInputStream(input))) {
for (int i = 0; i < freq.length; i++) {
freq[i] = in.readInt();
}
// 构建哈夫曼树
PriorityQueue<Node> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
for (int i = 0; i < freq.length; i++) {
if (freq[i] > 0) {
pq.offer(new Node(freq[i], null, null));
}
}
while (pq.size() > 1) {
Node left = pq.poll();
Node right = pq.poll();
pq.offer(new Node(left.value + right.value, left, right));
}
Node root = pq.poll();
// 解压缩数据
try (BitOutputStream out = new BitOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(output))) {
Node node = root;
while (true) {
int bit = in.readBit();
if (bit == -1) {
break;
}
if (bit == 0) {
node = node.left;
} else {
node = node.right;
}
if (node.isLeaf()) {
out.write(node.value);
node = root;
}
}
}
}
}
private static void generateCodes(Node node, String code, String[] codes) {
if (node.isLeaf()) {
codes[node.value] = code;
return;
}
generateCodes(node.left, code + "0", codes);
generateCodes(node.right, code + "1", codes);
}
}
// 24点扑克牌游戏的实现
class Poker {
private static final int TARGET = 24;
private static final double EPSILON = 1e-6;
public static boolean is24(double[] nums) {
if (nums.length == 1) {
return Math.abs(nums[0] - TARGET) < EPSILON;
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
double[] next = new double[nums.length - 1];
for (int k = 0, l = 0; k < nums.length; k++) {
if (k != i && k != j) {
next[l++] = nums[k];
}
}
next[next.length - 1] = nums[i] + nums[j];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
next[next.length - 1] = nums[i] - nums[j];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
next[next.length - 1] = nums[j] - nums[i];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
next[next.length - 1] = nums[i] * nums[j];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
if (nums[j] != 0) {
next[next.length - 1] = nums[i] / nums[j];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
}
if (nums[i] != 0) {
next[next.length - 1] = nums[j] / nums[i];
if (is24(next)) {
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
}
// 16枚硬币的反面问题的实现
class Coins {
private static final int N = 16;
private static final int[] COINS = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
public static void findSolution() {
int[] state = new int[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
state[i] = 1;
}
int count = 0;
while (true) {
count++;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
if (state[i] == -1) {
sum += COINS[i];
}
}
if (sum == 24) {
System.out.print("Solution " + count + ": ");
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
System.out.print(state[i] == -1 ? "H" : "T");
}
System.out.println();
}
int i = N - 1;
while (i >= 0 && state[i] == 1) {
state[i] = -1;
i--;
}
if (i < 0) {
break;
}
state[i] = 1;
}
}
}
// 农夫过河问题的实现
class Farmer {
private static final int MAX_WEIGHT = 10;
public static void findSolution() {
Queue queue = new Queue(100);
queue.enqueue(new State(0, 0, 0, 0));
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
State state = queue.dequeue();
if (state.isFinalState()) {
System.out.println(state);
break;
}
for (State next : state.getNextStates()) {
if (next.isValidState()) {
queue.enqueue(next);
}
}
}
}
private static class State {
int farmer;
int wolf;
int goat;
int cabbage;
public State(int farmer, int wolf, int goat, int cabbage) {
this.farmer = farmer;
this.wolf = wolf;
this.goat = goat;
this.cabbage = cabbage;
}
public boolean isFinalState() {
return farmer == 1 && wolf == 1 && goat == 1 && cabbage == 1;
}
public boolean isValidState() {
if (wolf == goat && farmer != wolf) {
return false;
}
if (goat == cabbage && farmer != goat) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
public List<State> getNextStates() {
List<State> nextStates = new ArrayList<>();
if (farmer == 0) {
nextStates.add(new State(1, wolf, goat, cabbage));
} else {
nextStates.add(new State(0, wolf, goat, cabbage));
}
if (farmer == wolf) {
if (farmer == 0) {
nextStates.add(new State(1, 1, goat, cabbage));
} else {
nextStates.add(new State(0, 0, goat, cabbage));
}
}
if (farmer == goat) {
if (farmer == 0) {
nextStates.add(new State(1, wolf, 1, cabbage));
} else {
nextStates.add(new State(0, wolf, 0, cabbage));
}
}
if (farmer == cabbage) {
if (farmer == 0) {
nextStates.add(new State(1, wolf, goat, 1));
} else {
nextStates.add(new State(0, wolf, goat, 0));
}
}
return nextStates;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "State{" +
"farmer=" + farmer +
", wolf=" + wolf +
", goat=" + goat +
", cabbage=" + cabbage +
'}';
}
}
}
// 迷宫问题的实现
class Maze {
private static final int[][] DIRECTIONS = {{-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}};
public static void findSolution(int[][] maze, int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY) {
Queue queue = new Queue(100);
queue.enqueue(new Point(startX, startY));
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Point point = queue.dequeue();
if (point.x == endX && point.y == endY) {
System.out.println("Solution found!");
return;
}
for (int[] dir : DIRECTIONS) {
int x = point.x + dir[0];
int y = point.y + dir[1];
if (x >= 0 && x < maze.length && y >= 0 && y < maze[0].length
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