Python 3 str()与repr()、__str__与__repr__:

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str()与repr():

str()一般是将数值转成字符串。 
repr()是将一个对象转成字符串显示，注意只是显示用，有些对象转成字符串没有直接的意思。如list,dict使用str()是无效的，但使用repr可以，这是为了看它们都有哪些值，为了显示之用。 
The str() function is meant to return representations of values which are fairly
human-readable, while repr() is meant to generate representations which can be read by
the interpreter (or will force a SyntaxError if there is not equivalent syntax). For
objects which don't have a particular representation for human consumption, str() will
return the same value as repr(). Many values, such as numbers or structures like lists
and dictionaries, have the same representation using either function. Strings and
floating point numbers, in particular, have two distinct representations. 

Some examples: 


>>> s = 'Hello, world.'

>>> str(s)

'Hello, world.'

>>> repr(s)

"'Hello, world.'"

>>> str(0.1)

'0.1'

>>> repr(0.1)

'0.10000000000000001'

>>> x = 10 * 3.25

>>> y = 200 * 200

>>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'

>>> print s

The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...

>>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:

... hello = 'hello, world\n'

>>> hellos = repr(hello)

>>> print hellos

'hello, world\n'

>>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:

... repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))

"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))"

>>> # reverse quotes are convenient in interactive sessions:

... `x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')`

"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))"

__str__与__reor__:

__str__和__repr__
如果要把一个类的实例变成 str，就需要实现特殊方法__str__()：

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
    def __str__(self):
        return '(Person: %s, %s)' % (self.name, self.gender)
现在，在交互式命令行下用 print 试试：

>>> p = Person('Bob', 'male')
>>> print p
(Person: Bob, male)
但是，如果直接敲变量 p：

>>> p
<main.Person object at 0x10c941890>
似乎__str__() 不会被调用。

因为 Python 定义了__str__()和__repr__()两种方法，__str__()用于显示给用户，而__repr__()用于显示给开发人员。

有一个偷懒的定义__repr__的方法：

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
    def __str__(self):
        return '(Person: %s, %s)' % (self.name, self.gender)
    __repr__ = __str__
任务
请给Student 类定义__str__和__repr__方法，使得能打印出<Student: name, gender, score>：

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, gender)
        self.score = score
?不会了怎么办
只要为Students 类加上__str__()和__repr__()方法即可。

参考代码:

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, gender)
        self.score = score
    def __str__(self):
        return '(Student: %s, %s, %s)' % (self.name, self.gender, self.score)
    __repr__ = __str__

s = Student('Bob', 'male', 88)
print s