目录
3.1、第三方的依赖: *-spring-boot-starter
0、写在前面
1、SQL
正常数据访问按照
- 添加场景:spring-boot-starter-data-xxx
- 场景会添加自动配置:xxxautoConfiguration
- 添加组件数据库连接池:dataSource
- 数据库驱动
- 数据库连接信息:properties配置项
第一步:导入数据库相关场景
第二步:配置数据库连接信息的配置项
1.1、数据源的自动配置-HikariDataSource
1.1.1、导入JDBC场景
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
内
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
内
数据库连接池
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
<artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
数据库驱动?
为什么导入JDBC场景,官方不导入驱动?mysql-connector-java
因为官方不知道我们接下要操作什么数据库,不同的数据库对应的数据库驱动不同。
数据库版本和驱动版本对应
我的数据库版本:5.7.20
版本仲裁:mysql官方做了版本仲裁,驱动默认版本8.0.21
故需要将数据库版本5.7.20和驱动版本5.1.49 对应:
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
修改mysql驱动版本方法:
1、直接依赖引入具体版本(maven的就近依赖原则)
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
2、重新声明版本(maven的属性的就近优先原则)
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
</properties>
1.1.2、分析自动配置
自动配置的类
- 1、DataSourceAutoConfiguration :数据源的自动配置
- 修改数据源相关的配置:spring.datasource写到配置文件application.yml即可。
- 数据库连接池的配置,是自己容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的。
- 底层配置好的连接池是:HikariDataSource 数据源。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ DataSource.class, EmbeddedDatabaseType.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(type = "io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactory")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class)
@Import({ DataSourcePoolMetadataProvidersConfiguration.class, DataSourceInitializationConfiguration.class })
public class DataSourceAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(PooledDataSourceCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ DataSource.class, XADataSource.class })
@Import({ DataSourceConfiguration.Hikari.class, DataSourceConfiguration.Tomcat.class,
DataSourceConfiguration.Dbcp2.class, DataSourceConfiguration.Generic.class,
DataSourceJmxConfiguration.class })
protected static class PooledDataSourceConfiguration {
}
分析:
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(type = "io.r2dbc.spi.ConnectionFactory"):表示如果通过响应式编程的话就不使用DataSourceAutoConfiguration,如果不使用响应式编程就使用DataSourceAutoConfiguration配置。
- @EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class):表示开启事件绑定功能,在DataSourceProperties里绑定spring.datasource。
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean({ DataSource.class, XADataSource.class }):表示如果自己没有中没有数据源,系统会自动配置。
DataSourceProperties:spring.datasource 表示修改数据源的话,只需要在这里修改即可
源码:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class DataSourceProperties implements BeanClassLoaderAware, InitializingBean {
private String driverClassName;
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private String jndiName;
}
- 2、DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration: 事务管理器的自动配置
- 3、JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration:JdbcTemplate的自动配置可以来对数据库进行crud
- 可以修改配置项@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.jdbc") 来修改JdbcTemplate
- @Bean、@Primary JdbcTemplate;容器中有这个组件
- 4、JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration: jndi的自动配置
- 5、XADataSourceAutoConfiguration: 分布式事务相关的
默认是Hikari数据源:
也可以通过spring.datasource.type = com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource来手动开启数据源为Hikari
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(HikariDataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type", havingValue = "com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource",
matchIfMissing = true)
static class Hikari {
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari")
HikariDataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
HikariDataSource dataSource = createDataSource(properties, HikariDataSource.class);
if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getName())) {
dataSource.setPoolName(properties.getName());
}
return dataSource;
}
}
1.1.3、修改配置项
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc:
template:
query-timeout: 3 #3s超时
# main:
# allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
# type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
1.1.4、测试
@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
// jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account_tbl")
// jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account_tbl",)
Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account_tbl", Long.class);
log.info("记录总数:{}",aLong);
}
}
总结:
连接数据库时只需要在pom添加场景(默认添加了Hikari数据源),然后在配置文件些连接信息即可。当然也可以添加其他数据源。
2、使用Druid数据源
2.1、druid官方github地址
https://github.com/alibaba/druid
整合第三方技术的两种方式
- 自定义
- 找starter
2.2、自定义方式
1、创建数据源(加依赖+加配置bean)
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="maxActive" value="20" />
<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
<property name="maxOpenPreparedStatements" value="20" />
</bean>
2、使用配置类代替配置bean
-
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource"):将配置文件中的属性绑定到对象中
@Configuration
public class MyDataSourceConfig {
//默认的自动配置是判断容器中没有才会配
//@ConditionOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource")//读取application.yml中的内容
public DataSource dataSource(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
return druidDataSource;
}
}
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc:
template:
query-timeout: 3
3、测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootLoggingApplicationTests {
@Autowired
DataSource dataSource;
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Test
public void context(){
Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from user", Long.class);
LOGGER.info("记录总数:{}",aLong);
//2021-12-08 00:09:11.984 INFO 30552 --- [ main] c.c.s.SpringBootLoggingApplicationTests : 记录总数:8
LOGGER.info("数据源类型:{}",dataSource.getClass());
//2021-12-08 00:20:13.188 INFO 31026 --- [ main] c.c.s.SpringBootLoggingApplicationTests : 数据源类型:class com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$ef95382c
//2021-12-08 00:32:50.702 INFO 31548 --- [ main] c.c.s.SpringBootLoggingApplicationTests : 数据源类型:class com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
}
}
2.3、使用官方starter方式
1、引入druid-starter
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.17</version>
</dependency>
2、分析自动配置
- 扩展配置项 spring.datasource.druid
- DruidSpringAopConfiguration.class, 监控SpringBean的;配置项:spring.datasource.druid.aop-patterns
- DruidStatViewServletConfiguration.class, 监控页的配置:spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet;默认开启
- DruidWebStatFilterConfiguration.class, web监控配置;spring.datasource.druid.web-stat-filter;默认开启
- DruidFilterConfiguration.class}) 所有Druid自己filter的配置
private static final String FILTER_STAT_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat";
private static final String FILTER_CONFIG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.config";
private static final String FILTER_ENCODING_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.encoding";
private static final String FILTER_SLF4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.slf4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j";
private static final String FILTER_LOG4J2_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j2";
private static final String FILTER_COMMONS_LOG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.commons-log";
private static final String FILTER_WALL_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.wall";
3、配置示例
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
druid:
aop-patterns: com.atguigu.admin.* #监控SpringBean
filters: stat,wall # 底层开启功能,stat(sql监控),wall(防火墙)
stat-view-servlet: # 配置监控页功能
enabled: true
login-username: admin
login-password: admin
resetEnable: false
web-stat-filter: # 监控web
enabled: true
urlPattern: /*
exclusions: '*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*'
filter:
stat: # 对上面filters里面的stat的详细配置
slow-sql-millis: 1000
logSlowSql: true
enabled: true
wall:
enabled: true
config:
drop-table-allow: false
3、整合MyBatis操作
SpringBoot官方的Starter:spring-boot-starter-*
3.1、第三方的依赖: *-spring-boot-starter
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
3.2、配置模式
- 全局配置文件
- SqlSessionFactory: 自动配置好了
public interface SqlSessionFactory {
SqlSession openSession();
}
- SqlSession:自动配置了 SqlSessionTemplate 组合了SqlSession(crud)
public class SqlSessionTemplate implements SqlSession, DisposableBean {
private final SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
private final SqlSession sqlSessionProxy;
}
public interface SqlSession extends Closeable {
<T> T selectOne(String var1);
}
- @Import(AutoConfiguredMapperScannerRegistrar.class)
- Mapper: 只要我们写的操作MyBatis的接口标注了 @Mapper 就会被自动扫描进来
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({SqlSessionFactory.class, SqlSessionFactoryBean.class})
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(DataSource.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MybatisProperties.class}): MyBatis配置项绑定类
@AutoConfigureAfter({DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, MybatisLanguageDriverAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MybatisAutoConfiguration implements InitializingBean {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
}
public static class AutoConfiguredMapperScannerRegistrar implements BeanFactoryAware, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
}
}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis"):配置文件以mybatis开头
public class MybatisProperties{
}
mybatis的全局配置文件
SQL映射文件
插件:mybatisX能够直接指向sql映射文件
3.3、mybatis配置模式步骤
- 导入mybatis官方starter
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
- 编写mapper接口。标准@Mapper注解
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User getUser(Long id);
}
- 编写sql映射文件并绑定mapper接口:MybatisMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--mapper为根元素,namespace指定了命名空间-->
<mapper namespace="com.crane.springboot.mapper.UserMapper">
<!--验证用户登录-->
<select id="getUser" resultType="com.crane.springboot.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
- 全局配置文件 mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 开启驼峰命名 :数据库字段名user_id 和对象属性对象 userId-->
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
- 在application.yaml中指定Mapper配置文件的位置,以及指定全局配置文件的信息 (建议 配置在mybatis.configuration)
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc:
template:
query-timeout: 3
# main:
# allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
# type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
# 配置mybatis规则
mybatis:
# config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
- controller/service/domain
@Controller
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
//http://localhost:8080/user?id=1
//{"id":1,"name":"xiao","pwd":123}
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/user")
public User getUserById(@RequestParam("id") Long id){
return userService.gerUserById(id);
}
}
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
public User gerUserById(Long id){
return userMapper.getUser(id);
}
}
@Data
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
private Integer pwd;
}
注意:
可以删除全局配置文件mybatis-config.xml。将全局配置文件中的内容放到 application.yml中配置即可:配置 private Configuration configuration;
mybatis.configuration下面的所有,就是相当于改mybatis全局配置文件中的值:
# 配置mybatis规则
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
configuration:
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
可以不写全局;配置文件,所有全局配置文件的配置都放在configuration配置项中即可
3.4、mybatis注解模式
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("select * from city where id=#{id}")
public User getById(Long id);
public void insert(User user);
}
3.5、混合模式
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}")
public User getUser(Long id);
public void insert(User user);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--mapper为根元素,namespace指定了命名空间-->
<mapper namespace="com.crane.springboot.mapper.UserMapper">
<insert id="insert">
insert into user(`name`,`pwd`) values (#{name},#{pwd})
</insert>
</mapper>
controller
@Controller
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@ResponseBody
@PostMapping("/save/user")
public User saveUser(User user){
userService.saveUser(user);
return user;
}
}
postman模拟表单提交post
返回自增的id值
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.crane.springboot.mapper.UserMapper">
<insert id="insert" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into user(`name`,`pwd`) values (#{name},#{pwd})
</insert>
</mapper>
insert可以改成注解形式
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}")
public User getUser(Long id);
@Insert("insert into user(`name`,`pwd`) values (#{name},#{pwd})")
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
public void insert(User user);
}
3.6、最佳实战:
- 引入mybatis-starter
- 配置application.yaml中,指定mapper-location位置即可
- 编写Mapper接口并标注@Mapper注解
- 简单方法直接注解方式
- 复杂方法编写mapper.xml进行绑定映射
@MapperScan("com.admin.mapper") 简化:
可以在启动类上添加@MapperScan(“...”), 其他的接口就可以不用标注@Mapper注解
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.crane.springboot")
@Slf4j
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//该类必须是@SpringBootApplication标注的类
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class);
System.out.println("正常启动");
log.info("系统正常启动");
}
}
4、整合 MyBatis-Plus 完成CRUD
4.1、什么是MyBatis-Plus
MyBatis-Plus(简称 MP)是一个 MyBatis 的增强工具,在 MyBatis 的基础上只做增强不做改变,为简化开发、提高效率而生。
建议安装 MybatisX 插件
4.2、整合MyBatis-Plus
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
自动配置
- MybatisPlusAutoConfiguration 配置类,MybatisPlusProperties 配置项绑定。mybatis-plus:xxx 就是对mybatis-plus的定制
- SqlSessionFactory 自动配置好。底层是容器中默认的数据源
- mapperLocations 自动配置好的。有默认值。
- classpath*:/mapper/**/*.xml;任意包的类路径下的所有mapper文件夹下任意路径下的所有xml都是sql映射文件。 建议以后sql映射文件,放在 mapper下。该路径是mybatis约定好的。
- 容器中也自动配置好了 SqlSessionTemplate
- @Mapper 标注的接口也会被自动扫描;建议直接
- @MapperScan("com.atguigu.admin.mapper") 批量扫描就行
优点:
- 只需要我们的Mapper继承 BaseMapper 就可以拥有crud能力