C++派生类对象内存布局

• 问题提出：

类C继承自基类A和基类B，现在有一个类C的对象，将其地址分别转换为基类A的指针和基类B的指针，那么这两个指针的值相等吗？

• 答案：

不相等。

• 解释：

由上图可见，派生类对象在内存中是把各个基类相关信息放在一起，然后存放自己的成员。类C对象地址转换为基类A和基类B的指针后它们的值如上图所示。

• 下面是一个验证程序：

// cpp_learning.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: int a; int b; virtual void message() { cout << "BASE A" <<endl; } }; class B { public: int c; int d; virtual void message() { cout << "BASE B" <<endl; } }; class C:public A,public B { public: int e; virtual void message() { cout << "DERIVE C" <<endl; } }; void castA(A a) { cout << "A.a=" << a.a <<endl; cout << "A.b=" << a.b <<endl; a.message(); } void castB(B b) { cout << "B.c=" << b.c <<endl; cout << "B.d=" << b.d <<endl; b.message(); } void castAref(A &a) { cout << "A.a=" << a.a <<endl; cout << "A.b=" << a.b <<endl; a.message(); } void castBref(B &b) { cout << "B.c=" << b.c <<endl; cout << "B.d=" << b.d <<endl; b.message(); } int main() { C c; c.a = 1; c.b = 2; c.c = 3; c.d = 4; c.e = 5; C c1; A *pa = (A*)&c; B *pb = (B*)&c; A &a = c; B &b = c; if ((int)pa == (int)pb) { cout << "pa == pb"<< endl; } else { cout << "pa != pb" <<endl; } if ((int)&a == (int)&b) { cout << "&a == &b"<< endl; } else { cout << "&a != &b" <<endl; } if ((int)&a == (int)pa) { cout << "&a == pa"<< endl; } else { cout << "&a != pa" <<endl; } if ((int)&b == (int)pb) { cout << "&b == pb"<< endl; } else { cout << "&b != pb" <<endl; } castA(c); castB(c); castAref(c); castBref(c); cout << "pa=" <<(int)pa << endl; cout << "pb=" <<(int)pb << endl; cout << "&c.e=" <<(int)&c.e << endl; cout << "sizeof A=" << sizeof(A) <<endl; cout << "sizeof B=" << sizeof(B) <<endl; cout << "sizeof C=" << sizeof(C) <<endl; return 0; }

• 执行结果：

 pa != pb
&a != &b
&a == pa
&b == pb
A.a=1
A.b=2
BASE A
B.c=3
B.d=4
BASE B
A.a=1
A.b=2
DERIVE C
B.c=3
B.d=4
DERIVE C
pa=2293536
pb=2293548
&c.e=2293560
sizeof A=12
sizeof B=12
sizeof C=28