性能调优基础篇之大量字符串性相加

String直接相加，StringBuffer.append()，　StringBulider.append(), 　guava中Joiner.on.join()

首先探讨时间：

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA. User: jianjun.yu Date: 14-8-11 Time: 下午6:33 To change this template use File | Settings |
 * File Templates.
 */
public class StringBulidTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<String> list = Lists.newArrayList();
        for (Integer i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            list.add(String.valueOf(i));
        }

        String addStr = null;
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (String str : list) {
            addStr += str;
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("直接str + 耗时：" + String.valueOf(end - begin));

        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (String str : list) {
            stringBuilder.append(str);

        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("StringBuilder.append()耗时：" + String.valueOf(end - begin));

        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (String str : list) {
            stringBuffer.append(str);

        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("StringBuffer.append()耗时：" + String.valueOf(end - begin));

        begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Joiner.on("").join(list);
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("Joiner.on().join()耗时：" + String.valueOf(end - begin));

    }
}

测试结果：

直接str + 耗时：10412
StringBuilder.append()耗时：14
StringBuffer.append()耗时：18
Joiner.on().join()耗时：27

str+耗时最慢，原因见上篇博客《细说String》里面已说明，

stringbuffer中用了大量的synchronized对象锁，stringbuffer与　stringbuider的底层实现唯一区别就在于stringbuffer为线程安全，

都继成了　AbstractStringBuilder

  public final class StringBuffer extends AbstractStringBuilder implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence {

            public synchronized StringBuffer append(char[] str) {
                super.append(str);
                return this;
            }

            public AbstractStringBuilder append(char[] str) {
                int len = str.length;
                ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
                System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, count, len);
                count += len;
                return this;
            }
        }

        public final class StringBuilder extends AbstractStringBuilder implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence {

            public StringBuilder append(char[] str) {
                super.append(str);
                return this;
            }

        }
        abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {
            public AbstractStringBuilder append(char[] str) {
                int len = str.length;
                ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
                System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, count, len);
                count += len;
                return this;
            }
        }

Joiner.on().join()其实在每个对象之间都多加了一个字符串对象（间隔符）性能也会慢一点。

最后探讨空间：

参看stringbuffer与stringbulider源码实现，　当字符串大到一定程度时，二者都会出现扩容的情况，　类似C++里面的vector.

这样的话，　当string大到一定程度时，会造成严重的空间消耗。

解决之道：　类试hashmap,预先估计strng大小。