数据结构——串的堆分配存储

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct
{
    char *ch;
    int len;
}HString;

//建立串
void BuildStr(HString &s, char *str)
{
    int length=strlen(str);
    s.ch=(char *)malloc(length*sizeof(char));
    int i=0;
    while(str[i]!='\0')
    {
        s.ch[i]=str[i];
        i++;
    }
    s.ch[i]='\0';
}
//求串的长度
int StrLength(HString &hs)
{
    int i=0;
    while(hs.ch[i]!='\0')
        i++;
    hs.len=i;
    return hs.len;
}
//输出串
void Print_HString(HString &hs)
{
    int i=0;
    while(hs.ch[i]!='\0')
    {
        cout<<hs.ch[i];
        i++;
    }
}
//串复制
/*
void StrCopy(HString &to,HString &from)
{ 
    if(to.ch)
    {    
        to.ch=NULL;
        to.len=0;
    }
    int i;
    char *temp=(char *)malloc(from.len * sizeof(char));
    for(i=0; i<from.len; i++)
    {
       //temp[i] = from.ch[i];
        *(temp+i) = from.ch[i];
    }
    to.ch=temp;
    to.len = from.len;
    //to.ch[to.len]='\0'; 
    *(to.ch+to.len)='\0'; 
}
*/

//串连接
/*
void Strcat(HString &to,HString &from)
{

    char *temp=(char *)malloc((to.len+from.len)*sizeof(char) ); 
    if(!temp)
        cout<<"内存分配失败!"<<endl;
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<to.len; i++)
    {
       temp[i] = to.ch[i];
    }
    for(i=0; i<from.len; i++)
    {
       temp[to.len+i] = from.ch[i];
    }
    to.len=to.len+from.len;
    to.ch=temp;
    *(to.ch+to.len)='\0';
}
*/
//串比较
/*
int strcmp(HString &s1,HString &s2)
{
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<=s1.len; i++)
    {
       if(s1.ch[i]!=s2.ch[i])
           return s1.ch[i]-s2.ch[i];               
    }
        return 0;
}
*/
//字符定位
/*
void StrLocate(HString &s,char c)
{
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<s.len; i++)
    {
       if(s.ch[i]==c)
       {
           cout<<"位置:"<<i<<endl;
           break;
       }
    }
    if(i==s.len)
        cout<<"查无此人!"<<endl;
}
*/

//求s中从第index个字符开始长度为len的子串
/*
HString StrSub(HString &s, int index, int len)
{
    HString temp;
    temp.len=0;
    temp.ch =(char *)malloc( len*sizeof(char) );
    if(index+len>s.len)
    {
        cout<<"提取的子串过长!"<<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<len;i++)
            temp.ch[i]=s.ch[index+i];
        temp.len=len;
        temp.ch[temp.len] = '\0';
    }
    return temp;
}
*/
//删除s中从第index个字符开始长度为len的子串
/*
void StrDel(HString &s, int index, int len)
{
    int i;
    if(index+len>=s.len)
        s.len=index;
    else
    {
        for(i=index+len;i<s.len;i++)
            s.ch[i-len]=s.ch[i];
        s.len=s.len-len;
    }
    s.ch[s.len]='\0';
}
*/
//向串s中第index个位置插入串t

void StrInsert(HString &s, int index, HString &t)
{
    if(index>s.len)
        cout<<"插入位置不对!"<<endl;
    else
    {
        s.ch=(char *)realloc(s.ch , (s.len+t.len)*sizeof(char));    //新增加内存
        int i,j=1;
        for(i=s.len+t.len-1;i>=index+t.len;i--)
        {
            s.ch[i]=s.ch[s.len-j];
            j++;
        }
        for(i=0;i<t.len;i++)
        {
            s.ch[index+i]=t.ch[i];
        }
        s.len=s.len+t.len;
        s.ch[s.len]='\0';
    }
}
//s串中从第 index 个字符开始的 len 个连续字符将被 t 替换
void StrRep(HString &s, int index, int len, HString &t)
{
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<len;i++)
        s.ch[index+i]=t.ch[i];
    s.len=(index+i)>s.len ? (index+i) : s.len;
    s.ch[s.len]='\0';
}

int main()
{
    HString hs1;
    char *str="Hello World!";
    BuildStr(hs1,str);

    //输出串
    StrLength(hs1);//求串的长度
    cout<<hs1.len<<endl;
    Print_HString(hs1);
    cout<<endl;

    HString hs2;
    char *str2="世界你好";
    BuildStr(hs2,str2);
    //输出串
    StrLength(hs2);
    cout<<hs2.len<<endl;
    Print_HString(hs2);
    cout<<endl;
    
    //串复制
    /*
    HString hs3;
    hs3.ch="世界你好";    //如果目标串已有字符，则删除
    StrCopy(hs3,hs1);
    cout<<hs3.len<<endl;
    Print_HString(hs3);
    cout<<endl;
    */
    
    //串连接
    //Strcat(hs1,hs2);
    //cout<<hs1.len<<endl;
    //Print_HString(hs1);
    //cout<<endl;

    //串1和串2比较
    /*
    int result=strcmp(hs1,hs2);
    if(result>0)
        cout<<"串1大于串2"<<endl;
    else if(result==0)
        cout<<"串1等于串2"<<endl;
    else
        cout<<"串1小于串2"<<endl;
    */

    //字符定位
    //char ch;
    //cin>>ch;
    //StrLocate(hs1,ch);
    
    //提取hs1中的子串
    //cout<<"提取的子串是:"<<endl;
    //Print_HString(StrSub(hs2, 4, 4));
    //cout<<endl;

    //删除S1中的子串
    //StrDel(hs1, 5, 8);
    //cout<<"删除后的串是:"<<endl;
    //Print_HString(hs1);
    //cout<<endl;

    //向串S1中第index个位置插入串t
    StrInsert(hs1, 5, hs2);
    cout<<hs1.len<<endl;
    Print_HString(hs1);
    cout<<endl;

    //替换S1串中从第 index 个字符开始的 len 个连续字符
    HString T;
    char *str3="********";
    BuildStr(T,str3);
    StrRep(hs1, 13, 8, T);
    cout<<hs1.len<<endl;
    Print_HString(hs1);
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}