python学习（4）正则表达式

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-28 15:47:38 发布

陈追风

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-28 15:47:38 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： python Regex

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mirrorming/article/details/80985955

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正则表达式

常见匹配模式

这里写图片描述

re.match
re.match 尝试从字符串的起始位置匹配一个模式，如果不是起始位置匹配成功的话，match()就返回none。

re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)

最常规的匹配

import re

content = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
print(len(content))
result = re.match('^Hello\s\d\d\d\s\d{4}\s\w{10}.*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group())
print(result.span())

41
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 41), match=’Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo
(0, 41)

泛匹配

import re

content = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello.*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group())
print(result.span())

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 41), match=’Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo
(0, 41)

匹配目标

import re

content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello\s(\d+)\sWorld.*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 40), match=’Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
1234567
(0, 40)

贪婪匹配

import re

content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*(\d+).*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 40), match=’Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
7

非贪婪匹配

import re

content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*Demo$', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 40), match=’Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
1234567

匹配模式

import re

content = '''Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo
'''
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*?Demo$', content, re.S)
print(result.group(1))

1234567

转义

import re

content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('price is $5.00', content)
print(result)

None

import re

content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('price is \$5\.00', content)
print(result)

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 14), match=’price is $5.00’>

总结：尽量使用泛匹配、使用括号得到匹配目标、尽量使用非贪婪模式、有换行符就用re.S

re.search
re.search 扫描整个字符串并返回第一个成功的匹配。

import re

content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
result = re.match('Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo', content)
print(result)

None

import re

content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
result = re.search('Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo', content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(13, 53), match=’Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo’>
1234567

总结：为匹配方便，能用search就不用match

匹配演练

import re

html = '''<div id="songs-list">
    <h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
    <p class="introduction">
        经典老歌列表
    </p>
    <ul id="list" class="list-group">
        <li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
        <li data-view="7">
            <a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="4" class="active">
            <a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
        <li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
        <li data-view="5">
            <a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君"><i class="fa fa-user"></i>但愿人长久</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>'''
result = re.search('<li.*?active.*?singer="(.*?)">(.*?)</a>', html, re.S)
if result:
    print(result.group(1), result.group(2))

齐秦往事随风

import re

html = '''<div id="songs-list">
    <h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
    <p class="introduction">
        经典老歌列表
    </p>
    <ul id="list" class="list-group">
        <li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
        <li data-view="7">
            <a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="4" class="active">
            <a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
        <li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
        <li data-view="5">
            <a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">但愿人长久</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>'''
result = re.search('<li.*?singer="(.*?)">(.*?)</a>', html, re.S)
if result:
    print(result.group(1), result.group(2))

任贤齐沧海一声笑

import re

html = '''<div id="songs-list">
    <h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
    <p class="introduction">
        经典老歌列表
    </p>
    <ul id="list" class="list-group">
        <li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
        <li data-view="7">
            <a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="4" class="active">
            <a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
        <li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
        <li data-view="5">
            <a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">但愿人长久</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>'''
result = re.search('<li.*?singer="(.*?)">(.*?)</a>', html)
if result:
    print(result.group(1), result.group(2))

beyond 光辉岁月

re.findall
搜索字符串，以列表形式返回全部能匹配的子串。

import re

html = '''<div id="songs-list">
    <h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
    <p class="introduction">
        经典老歌列表
    </p>
    <ul id="list" class="list-group">
        <li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
        <li data-view="7">
            <a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="4" class="active">
            <a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
        <li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
        <li data-view="5">
            <a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">但愿人长久</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>'''
results = re.findall('<li.*?href="(.*?)".*?singer="(.*?)">(.*?)</a>', html, re.S)
print(results)
print(type(results))
for result in results:
    print(result)
    print(result[0], result[1], result[2])

[(‘/2.mp3’, ‘任贤齐’, ‘沧海一声笑’), (‘/3.mp3’, ‘齐秦’, ‘往事随风’), (‘/4.mp3’, ‘beyond’, ‘光辉岁月’), (‘/5.mp3’, ‘陈慧琳’, ‘记事本’), (‘/6.mp3’, ‘邓丽君’, ‘但愿人长久’)]

import re

html = '''<div id="songs-list">
    <h2 class="title">经典老歌</h2>
    <p class="introduction">
        经典老歌列表
    </p>
    <ul id="list" class="list-group">
        <li data-view="2">一路上有你</li>
        <li data-view="7">
            <a href="/2.mp3" singer="任贤齐">沧海一声笑</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="4" class="active">
            <a href="/3.mp3" singer="齐秦">往事随风</a>
        </li>
        <li data-view="6"><a href="/4.mp3" singer="beyond">光辉岁月</a></li>
        <li data-view="5"><a href="/5.mp3" singer="陈慧琳">记事本</a></li>
        <li data-view="5">
            <a href="/6.mp3" singer="邓丽君">但愿人长久</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>'''
results = re.findall('<li.*?>\s*?(<a.*?>)?(\w+)(</a>)?\s*?</li>', html, re.S)
print(results)
for result in results:
    print(result[1])

[(”, ‘一路上有你’, ”), (‘‘, ‘沧海一声笑’, ‘‘), (‘‘, ‘往事随风’, ‘‘), (‘‘, ‘光辉岁月’, ‘‘), (‘‘, ‘记事本’, ‘‘), (‘‘, ‘但愿人长久’, ‘‘)]
一路上有你
沧海一声笑
往事随风
光辉岁月
记事本
但愿人长久

re.compile
将一个正则表达式串编译成正则对象，以便于复用该匹配模式

import re

content = '''Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo'''
pattern = re.compile('Hello.*Demo', re.S)
result = re.match(pattern, content)
#result = re.match('Hello.*Demo', content, re.S)
print(result)

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 40), match=’Hello 1234567 World_This\nis a Regex Demo’>

实战练习

import requests
import re
content = requests.get('https://book.douban.com/').text
pattern = re.compile('<li.*?cover.*?href="(.*?)".*?title="(.*?)".*?more-meta.*?author">(.*?)</span>.*?year">(.*?)</span>.*?</li>', re.S)
results = re.findall(pattern, content)
for result in results:
    url, name, author, date = result
    author = re.sub('\s', '', author)
    date = re.sub('\s', '', date)
    print(url, name, author, date)

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python学习（4）正则表达式

正则表达式常见匹配模式re.match re.match 尝试从字符串的起始位置匹配一个模式，如果不是起始位置匹配成功的话，match()就返回none。re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)最常规的匹配import recontent = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Dem...
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