常用算法和数据结构的复杂度速查表,
搜索
算法 | 数据结构 | 时间复杂度 | 空间复杂度 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均 | 最差 | 最差 | ||||
深度优先搜索 (DFS) | Graph of |V| vertices and |E| edges | - | O(|E| + |V|) | O(|V|) | ||
广度优先搜索 (BFS) | Graph of |V| vertices and |E| edges | - | O(|E| + |V|) | O(|V|) | ||
二分查找 | Sorted array of n elements | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(1) | ||
穷举查找 | Array | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | ||
最短路径-Dijkstra,用小根堆作为优先队列 | Graph with |V| vertices and |E| edges | O((|V| + |E|) log |V|) | O((|V| + |E|) log |V|) | O(|V|) | ||
最短路径-Dijkstra,用无序数组作为优先队列 | Graph with |V| vertices and |E| edges | O(|V|^2) | O(|V|^2) | O(|V|) | ||
最短路径-Bellman-Ford | Graph with |V| vertices and |E| edges | O(|V||E|) | O(|V||E|) | O(|V|) |
排序
算法 | 数据结构 | 时间复杂度 | 最坏情况下的辅助空间复杂度 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最佳 | 平均 | 最差 | 最差 | ||||
快速排序 | 数组 | O(n log(n)) | O(n log(n)) | O(n^2) | O(n) | ||
归并排序 | 数组 | O(n log(n)) | O(n log(n)) | O(n log(n)) | O(n) | ||
堆排序 | 数组 | O(n log(n)) | O(n log(n)) | O(n log(n)) | O(1) | ||
冒泡排序 | 数组 | O(n) | O(n^2) | O(n^2) | O(1) | ||
插入排序 | 数组 | O(n) | O(n^2) | O(n^2) | O(1) | ||
选择排序 | 数组 | O(n^2) | O(n^2) | O(n^2) | O(1) | ||
桶排序 | 数组 | O(n+k) | O(n+k) | O(n^2) | O(nk) | ||
基数排序 | 数组 | O(nk) | O(nk) | O(nk) | O(n+k) |
数据结构
数据结构 | 时间复杂度 | 空间复杂度 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均 | 最差 | 最差 | |||||||
索引 | 查找 | 插入 | 删除 | 索引 | 查找 | 插入 | 删除 | ||
基本数组 | O(1) | O(n) | - | - | O(1) | O(n) | - | - | O(n) |
动态数组 | O(1) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
单链表 | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) |
双链表 | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) |
跳表 | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n log(n)) |
哈希表 | - | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | - | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
二叉搜索树 | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
笛卡尔树 | - | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | - | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) | O(n) |
B-树 | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) |
红黑树 | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) |
伸展树 | - | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | - | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) |
AVL 树 | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(n) |
堆
Heaps | 时间复杂度 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
建堆 | 查找最大值 | 提取最大值 | Increase Key | 插入 | 删除 | 合并 | ||
链表(已排序) | - | O(1) | O(1) | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(m+n) | |
链表(未排序) | - | O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | |
二叉堆 | O(n) | O(1) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(m+n) | |
二项堆 | - | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | O(log(n)) | |
斐波那契堆 | - | O(1) | O(log(n))* | O(1)* | O(1) | O(log(n))* | O(1) |
图
节点 / 边 管理 | Storage | Add Vertex | Add Edge | Remove Vertex | Remove Edge | Query |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
邻接表 | O(|V|+|E|) | O(1) | O(1) | O(|V| + |E|) | O(|E|) | O(|V|) |
关联表 | O(|V|+|E|) | O(1) | O(1) | O(|E|) | O(|E|) | O(|E|) |
邻接矩阵 | O(|V|^2) | O(|V|^2) | O(1) | O(|V|^2) | O(1) | O(1) |
关联矩阵 | O(|V| ⋅ |E|) | O(|V| ⋅ |E|) | O(|V| ⋅ |E|) | O(|V| ⋅ |E|) | O(|V| ⋅ |E|) | O(|E|) |