Docker + Gitlab + Gitlab CI（一）

本文通过Docker + Gitlab + Gitlab CI实现容器的自动化部署。

环境如下：

ip	role	domain
192.168.1.51	prod server	none
192.168.1.55	dns	none
192.168.1.56	gitlab ci/dev server	none
192.168.1.57	gitlab server	gitlab.lzxlinux.cn
192.168.1.59	harbor server	harbor.lzxlinux.cn

注意：为了方便后面实验，建议自定义的域名不要与外部域名冲突，否则在连接外网情况下容易解析错误。

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搭建Harbor服务器

Harbor是一个用于存储Docker镜像的企业级Registry服务。

• 准备工作：

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 安装docker：

# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

# yum makecache fast

# yum install -y docker-ce

# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

提高docker pull速度

# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io

# systemctl restart docker

• 下载最新的docker-compose二进制文件：

# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

• 下载harbor离线安装包：

github地址：https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases

# cd /software

# wget https://storage.googleapis.com/harbor-releases/release-1.9.0/harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.1.tgz

# tar zxf harbor-offline-installer-v1.9.1.tgz

• 安装harbor：

# cd harbor/

# vim harbor.yml

hostname: harbor.lzxlinux.cn                #域名
harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345              #admin用户初始密码
data_volume: /data              #数据存储路径，自动创建
log:
  level: info
  local:
    rotate_count: 50
    rotate_size: 200M
    location: /var/log/harbor               #日志路径
    
# sh install.sh

• 登录报错：

# echo '192.168.1.59 harbor.lzxlinux.cn' >> /etc/hosts

# docker login harbor.lzxlinux.cn
Username: admin
Password: 
Error response from daemon: Get https://harbor.lzxlinux.cn/v2/: dial tcp 192.168.1.59:443: connect: connection refused

• 解决：

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --insecure-registry=harbor.lzxlinux.cn

# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker.service

harbor服务器

# cd /software/harbor

# docker-compose down -v

# docker-compose up -d

• 重新登录：

# docker login harbor.lzxlinux.cn
Username: admin
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

• 推送镜像：

# docker pull busybox

# docker tag busybox:latest harbor.lzxlinux.cn/public/busybox

# docker push harbor.lzxlinux.cn/public/busybox

刷新harbor页面，可以看到刚推送到harbor仓库的镜像

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搭建Gitlab服务器

以Centos7为例，准备一台至少内存为4G的机器。

• 准备工作：

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 安装依赖软件：

# yum install -y curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients postfix

# systemctl start postfix && systemctl enable postfix               #启动postfix邮件服务

• 设置gitlab安装源：

如果在国内的话，可以尝试使用清华大学的源。

# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo

[gitlab-ce]
name=Gitlab CE Repository
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

如果在国外的话，可以使用

# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

• 添加本地dns：

# vim /etc/hosts

192.168.1.57 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn

在Windows电脑hosts文件中添加本地dns：

192.168.1.57 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn

• 安装gitlab-ce：

# yum install -y gitlab-ce

• 证书创建与配置加载：

# mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl

# openssl genrsa -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.key" 2048

# openssl req -new -key "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.key" -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.csr"

Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hz
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:hz
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:gitlab.lzxlinux.cn
Email Address []:admin@lzxlinux.cn

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:123456
An optional company name []:

# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.csr" -signkey "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.key" -out "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.crt"

# openssl dhparam -out /etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparams.pem 2048

# chmod 600 /etc/gitlab/ssl/*

# ll /etc/gitlab/ssl
total 16
-rw------- 1 root root  424 Oct  29 10:45 dhparams.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1281 Oct  29 10:44 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.crt
-rw------- 1 root root 1074 Oct  29 10:38 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.csr
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Oct  29 10:37 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.key

• nginx SSL代理服务配置：

# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb             #修改下面内容

external_url 'https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn'
nginx['redirect_http_to_https'] = true
nginx['ssl_certificate'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.com.cn"
nginx['ssl_certificate_key'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.key"
nginx['ssl_dhparam'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparams.pem"

• 初始化gitlab相关服务并完成安装：

# gitlab-ctl reconfigure

# vim /var/opt/gitlab/nginx/conf/gitlab-http.conf               #第一个 server_name gitlab.lzxlinux.cn; 下添加该行

rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;

# gitlab-ctl restart                #重启gitlab

• 登陆和修改密码：

打开https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/修改root用户密码，然后使用root和新密码登陆。

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搭建Gitlab CI服务器

Gitlab CI服务器建议另选一台服务器搭建，不要与Gitlab服务器部署在同一台机器上。

• 准备工作：

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 安装docker：

# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

# yum makecache fast

# yum install -y docker-ce

# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

提高docker pull速度

# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io

# systemctl restart docker

• 安装gitlab ci runner：

# echo '54.153.54.194 packages.gitlab.com' >> /etc/hosts

# curl -L https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

# yum install -y gitlab-ci-multi-runner

查看是否运行正常

# gitlab-ci-multi-runner status
gitlab-runner: Service is running!

• 设置docker权限：

为了能让gitlab-runner能正确的执行docker命令，需要把gitlab-runner用户添加到docker group里, 然后重启docker和gitlab ci runner。

# usermod -aG docker gitlab-runner

# systemctl restart docker

# gitlab-ci-multi-runner restart

• 注册到gitlab服务器：

到gitlab上查看runner的注册token

# gitlab-ci-multi-runner register

Running in system-mode.                            
                                                   
Please enter the gitlab-ci coordinator URL (e.g. https://gitlab.com/):
https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/                #输入gitlab url
Please enter the gitlab-ci token for this runner:
4kr9ZmLMWasYxqB2tSzQ                #输入token
Please enter the gitlab-ci description for this runner:
[worker4]:              #输入该runner的描述信息
Please enter the gitlab-ci tags for this runner (comma separated):
test,demo               #输入该runner的tags
Whether to run untagged builds [true/false]:
[false]:                #是否运行没有打上tag的构建
Whether to lock Runner to current project [true/false]:
[false]:                #是否将该runner锁定到当前项目

ERROR: Registering runner... failed                 runner=4kr9ZmLM status=couldn't execute POST against https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/api/v4/runners: Post https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/api/v4/runners: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority
PANIC: Failed to register this runner. Perhaps you are having network problems

报错，证书签名错误，这里因为前面gitlab服务器做了https。

• 解决证书报错：

# mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl

# scp root@gitlab.lzxlinux.cn:/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.crt /etc/gitlab/ssl

# gitlab-ci-multi-runner register \
  --tls-ca-file=/etc/gitlab/ssl/gitlab.lzxlinux.cn.crt \
  --url "https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/" \
  --registration-token "4kr9ZmLMWasYxqB2tSzQ" \
  --tag-list "test,demo" \
  --run-untagged \
  --locked="false" \
  --executor "shell"

# gitlab-ci-multi-runner list
Listing configured runners                          ConfigFile=/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml
worker4                                             Executor=shell Token=aLzTn6bfk1tXNBLRBbSD URL=https://gitlab.lzxlinux.cn/

可以看到，成功地注册了一个runner到gitlab服务器。

• 演示gitlab runner工作：

gitlab上新建一个组test，在test组中新建一个项目helloworld，然后项目中新建一个README.md文件。

再新建一个.gitlab-ci.yml文件，

打开CI/CD → 流水线，可以看到刚刚的提交已经成功完成，

整个pipeline按顺序执行，如果前面的stage出错，后面的stage不会执行。

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搭建DNS服务器

另选同网段的一台主机搭建一个dns服务器，让同网段任意机器及其上的容器都可以解析到自定义的域名（如 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn）。

首先，在gitlab ci服务器上把gitlab.lzxlinux.cn从/etc/hosts里删除，此时在gitlab ci服务器上是ping不通gitlab.lzxlinux.cn的。

• 准备工作：

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 安装docker：

# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

# yum makecache fast

# yum install -y docker-ce

# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

提高docker pull速度

# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io

# systemctl restart docker

• 运行dns容器：

# docker run -d -p 53:53/tcp -p 53:53/udp --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --name dns-server andyshinn/dnsmasq

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                    NAMES
bcaf93792614        andyshinn/dnsmasq         "dnsmasq -k"             10 seconds ago      Up 9 seconds        0.0.0.0:53->53/tcp, 0.0.0.0:53->53/udp   dns-server

• 配置dns服务：

# docker exec -it dns-server sh

/ # vi /etc/resolv.dnsmasq

nameserver 223.5.5.5 nameserver 114.114.114.114

/ # vi /etc/dnsmasqhosts

192.168.1.57 gitlab.lzxlinux.cn
192.168.1.59 harbor.lzxlinux.cn

/ # vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf

resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq
addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasqhosts

# docker restart dns-server

• 测试：

gitlab ci服务器上操作

# vim /etc/resolv.conf              #增加一行，且放在公网dns前面

nameserver 192.168.1.55             #该ip为dns容器所在主机ip
nameserver 223.5.5.5

# ping gitlab.lzxlinux.cn
PING gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.276 ms
64 bytes from gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.310 ms
64 bytes from gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.380 ms
64 bytes from gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.319 ms
^C
--- gitlab.lzxlinux.cn ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.276/0.321/0.380/0.039 ms

# ping harbor.lzxlinux.cn
PING harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.307 ms
64 bytes from harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.430 ms
64 bytes from harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms
64 bytes from harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.346 ms
^C
--- harbor.lzxlinux.cn ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.307/0.366/0.430/0.049 ms

# docker run -it --rm busybox sh

/ # ping gitlab.lzxlinux.cn
PING gitlab.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.57): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.57: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.388 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.57: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.472 ms
^C
--- gitlab.lzxlinux.cn ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.388/0.430/0.472 ms

/ # ping harbor.lzxlinux.cn
PING harbor.lzxlinux.cn (192.168.1.59): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.1.59: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.580 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.59: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.332 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.59: seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.401 ms
^C
--- harbor.lzxlinux.cn ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.332/0.437/0.580 ms

可以看到，在搭建dns服务器后，即使gitlab ci服务器的/etc/hosts删除本地dns，主机和主机上的容器仍可以解析我们自定义的域名。

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