LNMP环境搭建与配置（一）

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 21:42:40 发布

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分类专栏： # Linux基础文章标签： linux LNMP

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和LAMP不同的是，LNMP中的N指的是Nginx（类似于Apache的一种web服务软件），并且php是作为一个独立服务存在的，这个服务叫做php-fpm，Nginx直接处理静态请求，动态请求会转发给php-fpm。

目前LNMP环境的应用非常多。在静态页面的处理上，Nginx比Apache更强；但在动态页面的处理上，Nginx并不占优势。

12.1 安装MySQL

LNMP中MySQL的安装步骤和LAMP一样。

下载软件包：

# cd /usr/local/src/

# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz				#下载mysql二进制包

初始化：

# tar zxf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz				#解压二进制包

# [ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_old

# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql     

# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql				#创建用户mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql      

# mkdir -p data/mysql				#创建datadir，数据库文件会放到这里 

# chown -R mysql:mysql data/mysql				#更改权限，否则后面会出问题

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql				#这里datadir尽量使用绝对路径，不然后面可能报错
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper				#有报错，安装所缺包

# yum list |grep -i dumper
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64                   2.145-3.el7                    @base  
perl-XML-Dumper.noarch                    0.81-17.el7                    base 

# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory				#再次报错，安装所缺包

# yum install -y libaio-devel

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql				#有两个OK，就说明初始化成功

# echo $?
0				#检验上条命令是否执行成功，0表示执行成功

配置MySQL：

# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y

# vim /etc/my.cnf				#修改配置文件如下

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin = 

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql				#这里做3处修改，basedir 是MySQL包所在的路径，datadir 是定义的存放数据的地方，port 定义MySQL服务监听的端口，如果不定义默认就是3306
 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
 port = 3306
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql				#修改成这样

# chkconfig --add mysqld				#将mysqld加入系统服务项

# chkconfig mysqld on				#设置开机启动

启动MySQL：

# service mysqld start				#启动mysqld服务
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!				#mysqld服务启动成功

# netstat -lntp |grep 3306				#检验mysqld服务是否启动成功，查看是否在监听3306端口
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      3655/mysqld

12.2 安装PHP

下载源码包：

# cd /usr/local/src/

# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.36.tar.gz

解压源码包，创建账号：

# tar zxf php-5.6.36.tar.gz

# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

配置编译选项：

# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm \
> --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --with-fpm-user=php-fpm \
> --with-fpm-group=php-fpm \
> --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
> --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock \
> --with-libxml-dir \
> --with-gd \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-iconv-dir \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-mcrypt \
> --enable-soap \
> --enable-gd-native-ttf \
> --enable-ftp \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-exif \
> --disable-ipv6 \
> --with-pear \
> --with-curl \
> --with-openssl				#多了--enable-fpm，如果不加该参数，则不会有php-fpm执行文件生成，更不能启动php-fpm服务

错误1：

checking for cc... no
checking for gcc... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/php-5.6.36':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details

# yum install -y gcc				#这里提示安装gcc，是因为我用了新的虚拟机

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误2：

checking for xml2-config path... 
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

# yum list |grep libxml2
libxml2.x86_64                              2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            @anaconda
libxml2.i686                                2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     
libxml2-devel.i686                          2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     
libxml2-devel.x86_64                        2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     
libxml2-python.x86_64                       2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     
libxml2-static.i686                         2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     
libxml2-static.x86_64                       2.9.1-6.el7_2.3            base     

# yum install -y libxml2-devel.x86_64				#安装libxml-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误3：

configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>

# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel				#安装openssl和openssl-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误4：

checking for cURL in default path... not found
configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -
    easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/

# yum install -y libcurl-devel				#安装libcurl-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误5：

configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.

# yum -y install libjpeg-devel				#安装libjpeg-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误6：

configure: error: png.h not found.

# yum install -y libpng libpng-devel				#安装libpng-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误7：

configure: error: freetype-config not found.

# yum install -y freetype freetype-devel				#安装freetype-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

错误8：

configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.

# yum install -y epel-release

# yum install -y libmcrypt-devel				#安装libmcrypt-devel（安装之前要安装epel-release这个扩展源）

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl				#继续执行这一步

终于不再提示错误，有这样的信息：

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

config.status: creating php5.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.8
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/status.html
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands

这就说明PHP配置编译参数完成。

编译php：

# make
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.

# echo $?
0

编译完成（在这一步，也有可能会遇到问题）。

安装php：

# make install
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php-fpm/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/usr/local/src/php-5.6.36/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php-fpm/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php-fpm/include/php/ext/pdo/

# echo $?
0

安装完成。

修改配置文件：

# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini

# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf				#这里是新文件，直接复制粘贴下面的脚本内容即可     
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t 
[01-Jul-2018 21:08:57] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful				#显示 test is successful ，说明配置没有问题

启动php-fpm：

# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.36/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm 

# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
useradd：用户“php-fpm”已存在				#如果之前进行过这一步，那这里就可以省略

# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done

# ps aux |grep php-fpm				#检测php-fpm是否启动

root      30222  0.0  0.1 123452  4812 ?        Ss   21:14   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf)
php-fpm   30223  0.0  0.1 123452  4580 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30224  0.0  0.1 123452  4580 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30225  0.0  0.1 123452  4580 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30226  0.0  0.1 123452  4580 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30227  0.0  0.1 123452  4584 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30228  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30229  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30230  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30231  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30232  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30233  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30234  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30235  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30236  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30237  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30238  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30239  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30240  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30241  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
php-fpm   30242  0.0  0.1 123452  4588 ?        S    21:14   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root      30248  0.0  0.0 112720   980 pts/0    S+   21:16   0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm				#说明php-fpm成功启动

# chkconfig php-fpm on				#设置php-fpm开机启动

12.3 安装Nginx

下载和解压Nginx：

# cd /usr/local/src/

# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz

# tar zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz

配置编译选项：

# cd nginx-1.12.1

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

# echo $?
0

编译和安装Nginx：

# make

# echo $?
0

# make install

# echo $?
0

编写Nginx启动脚本，并加入系统服务：

# vim /etc/init.d/nginx				#写入下面内容

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() 
{
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
stop() 
{
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
    stop
    start
}
configtest()
{
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx				#更改启动脚本权限

# chkconfig --add nginx				#将Nginx加入系统服务项

# chkconfig nginx on				#设置Nginx开机启动

更改Nginx的配置文件：

# > /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf				# > 表示重定向，单独使用时，可以把一个文本文档快速清空

# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf				#写入下面内容

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
    ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 
    application/xml;
    server
    {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;
        location ~ \.php$ 
        {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
        }    
    }
}

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t				#检验配置文件是否有问题
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful				#显示上面两行说明配置正确

启动Nginx：

# service nginx start				#启动Nginx服务
Starting nginx (via systemctl):                            [  确定  ]				#如果不能启动，可以查看/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log文件

# ps aux |grep nginx				#检验Nginx服务是否启动
root      32821  0.0  0.0  20540   624 ?        Ss   21:47   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody    32822  0.0  0.0  22984  3204 ?        S    21:47   0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody    32823  0.0  0.0  22984  3204 ?        S    21:47   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      32825  0.0  0.0 112720   984 pts/0    S+   21:48   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

可以看到，Nginx服务成功启动。

测试是否正确解析PHP：

# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php
<?php
echo "php解析正常";
?>

# curl localhost/1.php
php解析正常[root@localhost nginx-1.12.1]#

说明PHP解析正常。

更多资料参考：

Nginx为什么比Apache Httpd高效：原理篇

mod_php 和 mod_fastcgi以及php-fpm的比较

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