Docker入门（二）

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-31 16:52:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-10-31 16:52:34 发布

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分类专栏： # Linux高级文章标签： linux docker

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Dpocker网络模式

docker有几种不同的网络模式，就像VMware，VMware有NAT模式、桥接模式和仅主机模式。

docker有4种网络模式：

host模式，使用 docker run 时使用 --net=host 指定。该模式下docker使用的网络实际上和宿主机一样，在容器内看到的网卡ip是宿主机ip

container模式，使用 --net=container:container_id/container_name 指定。该模式下多个容器使用共同的网络，看到的ip都是一样的

none模式，使用 --net=none 指定。该模式下，不会配置任何网络

bridge模式，使用 --net=bridge 指定，不指定模式默认也是这种网络模式。该模式下会为每个容器分配一个独立的network namespace，
类似于VMware的NAT模式。同一个宿主机上的所有容器都会在同一个网段下，相互之间是可以通信的

需要考虑的是，我们怎么让别的机器访问到宿主机里面的容器ip呢？

启动容器，安装nginx：

# docker run -itd centos
64a70a9f04b24a46504a307c3668b54f1418e434657cda0ade870daeb116198b

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
64a70a9f04b2        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            boring_heyrovsky

# docker exec -it  64a70a9f04b2 bash

[root@64a70a9f04b2 /]# yum install -y epel-release

[root@64a70a9f04b2 /]# yum install -y nginx

[root@64a70a9f04b2 /]# exit 
exit

导出容器：

# docker commit -m "install nginx" -a "lzxlinux" 64a70a9f04b2 centos_with_nginx
sha256:7b70caa8b6302ab7a847fa436e9302eda91f5491268a8bb87fbabaadcca490a1

# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos_with_nginx             latest              7b70caa8b630        6 seconds ago       408MB				#刚刚导出的容器
lzx_test                      latest              5926537d3e30        3 days ago          272MB
<none>                        <none>              531fcbd0fb9d        3 days ago          0B
192.168.33.150:5000/centos7   latest              9934306dddc6        3 days ago          435MB
centos7                       latest              9934306dddc6        3 days ago          435MB
centos_with_net               latest              ef7d535f8206        3 days ago          293MB
registry                      latest              2e2f252f3c88        4 days ago          33.3MB
192.168.33.150:5000/ubuntu    latest              cd6d8154f1e1        11 days ago         84.1MB
192.168.33.150:5001/ubuntu    latest              cd6d8154f1e1        11 days ago         84.1MB
ubuntu                        latest              cd6d8154f1e1        11 days ago         84.1MB
lzx_centos                    latest              5182e96772bf        5 weeks ago         200MB
192.168.33.150:5000/centos    latest              5182e96772bf        5 weeks ago         200MB
centos                        latest              5182e96772bf        5 weeks ago         200MB

启动新导出的容器：

[root@lzx ~]# docker run -itd -p 8088:80 centos_with_nginx bash				#-p指定端口映射，8088为宿主机端口，80为容器端口
861f21274f1003457a27327d21f4e7cbe186277573b938a4e5a2cfbcee20c694

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
861f21274f10        centos_with_nginx   "bash"              5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp   mystifying_stallman
64a70a9f04b2        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                              boring_heyrovsky

启动容器中nginx服务：

# docker exec -it 861f21274f10 bash

[root@861f21274f10 /]# systemctl start nginx
Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted				#遇到报错：Operation not permitted

解决上面报错：

上面报错是因为dbus-daemon没有启动，启动时要加上 --privileged -e "container=docker" ，并且最后面的命令改为 /usr/sbin/init

[root@861f21274f10 /]# exit 
exit

# docker rm -f 861f21274f10				#删除容器
861f21274f10

# docker run -itd --privileged -e "container=docker" -p 8088:80 centos_with_nginx /usr/sbin/init
70ffc273d97d79ae9d12e0f5a43a329e5ce26037270dcffc55dda9ff5a967dd1

# docker exec -it 70ffc27 bash

[root@70ffc273d97d /]# systemctl start nginx				#启动nginx，没有报错

[root@70ffc273d97d /]# ps aux |grep nginx
root         85  0.0  0.2 120808  2092 ?        Ss   03:39   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx        86  0.0  0.3 121272  3120 ?        S    03:39   0:00 nginx: worker process

进行访问：

容器内访问80端口

[root@70ffc273d97d /]# curl localhost

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">
            /*<![CDATA[*/
            body {
                background-color: #fff;
                color: #000;
                font-size: 0.9em;
                font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;
            }
            :link {
                color: #c00;
            }
            :visited {
                color: #c00;
            }
            a:hover {
                color: #f50;
            }
            h1 {
                text-align: center;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
                background-color: #294172;
                color: #fff;
                font-weight: normal;
                font-size: 1.75em;
                border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
            }
            h1 strong {
                font-weight: bold;
                font-size: 1.5em;
            }
            h2 {
                text-align: center;
                background-color: #3C6EB4;
                font-size: 1.1em;
                font-weight: bold;
                color: #fff;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0.5em;
                border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
            }
            hr {
                display: none;
            }
            .content {
                padding: 1em 5em;
            }
            .alert {
                border: 2px solid #000;
            }

            img {
                border: 2px solid #fff;
                padding: 2px;
                margin: 2px;
            }
            a:hover img {
                border: 2px solid #294172;
            }
            .logos {
                margin: 1em;
                text-align: center;
            }
            /*]]>*/
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>

        <div class="content">
            <p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
            <strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
            installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
            web server installed at this site is working
            properly.</p>

            <div class="alert">
                <h2>Website Administrator</h2>
                <div class="content">
                    <p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
                    is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
                    Fedora.  It is located in
                    <tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>

                    <p>You should now put your content in a location of
                    your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
                    directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
                    configuration file
                    <tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>

                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="logos">
                <a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
                    src="nginx-logo.png" 
                    alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
                    width="121" height="32" /></a>

                <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img 
                    src="poweredby.png" 
                    alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]" 
                    width="88" height="31" /></a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

容器外访问8088端口

[root@70ffc273d97d /]# exit
exit

[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost:8088

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">
            /*<![CDATA[*/
            body {
                background-color: #fff;
                color: #000;
                font-size: 0.9em;
                font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;
            }
            :link {
                color: #c00;
            }
            :visited {
                color: #c00;
            }
            a:hover {
                color: #f50;
            }
            h1 {
                text-align: center;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
                background-color: #294172;
                color: #fff;
                font-weight: normal;
                font-size: 1.75em;
                border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
            }
            h1 strong {
                font-weight: bold;
                font-size: 1.5em;
            }
            h2 {
                text-align: center;
                background-color: #3C6EB4;
                font-size: 1.1em;
                font-weight: bold;
                color: #fff;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0.5em;
                border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
            }
            hr {
                display: none;
            }
            .content {
                padding: 1em 5em;
            }
            .alert {
                border: 2px solid #000;
            }

            img {
                border: 2px solid #fff;
                padding: 2px;
                margin: 2px;
            }
            a:hover img {
                border: 2px solid #294172;
            }
            .logos {
                margin: 1em;
                text-align: center;
            }
            /*]]>*/
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>

        <div class="content">
            <p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
            <strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
            installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
            web server installed at this site is working
            properly.</p>

            <div class="alert">
                <h2>Website Administrator</h2>
                <div class="content">
                    <p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
                    is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
                    Fedora.  It is located in
                    <tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>

                    <p>You should now put your content in a location of
                    your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
                    directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
                    configuration file
                    <tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>

                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="logos">
                <a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
                    src="nginx-logo.png" 
                    alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
                    width="121" height="32" /></a>

                <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img 
                    src="poweredby.png" 
                    alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]" 
                    width="88" height="31" /></a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

配置桥接网络

为了使本地网络中的机器和docker容器更方便，我们经常会有将docker容器配置到和主机同一网段的需求。这个需求并不难实现，只要将docker容器和宿主机的网卡桥接起来，再给docker容器配上ip就可以了。

修改网卡配置文件：

[root@lzx ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:22ff:fe5e:3170  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:22:5e:31:70  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3310  bytes 151657 (148.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3939  bytes 35751195 (34.0 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.33.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.33.255
        inet6 fe80::84c7:fae0:d9f5:d9c0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::b6f9:83f6:f7f2:ece0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:42:1c:de  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 28702  bytes 37208817 (35.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6192  bytes 609485 (595.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 43  bytes 7449 (7.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 43  bytes 7449 (7.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0

# vim !$				#修改下面内容

Type=Bridge
NAME=br0
#UUID=0c7940e3-81d3-40fe-a310-a30aba1435f0
DEVICE=br0

# vim ifcfg-ens33				#修改下面内容

#UUID=0c7940e3-81d3-40fe-a310-a30aba1435f0
#IPADDR=192.168.33.150
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#GATEWAY=192.168.33.2
#DNS1=8.8.8.8
#DNS2=4.4.4.4
BRIDGE=br0

# systemctl restart network

# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.33.150  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.33.255
        inet6 fe80::8871:5214:2644:d085  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:42:1c:de  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 352  bytes 29438 (28.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 272  bytes 30136 (29.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:76ff:feba:2ff7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:76:ba:2f:f7  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 648 (648.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:42:1c:de  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 511  bytes 46949 (45.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 290  bytes 32169 (31.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 160  bytes 12960 (12.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 160  bytes 12960 (12.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

如果修改没问题的话，ens33是没有IP地址的，而br0是有IP地址的。

安装pipework：

# cd

# yum install -y git				#git需要安装

# git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework

# cd pipework/

# ls
docker-compose.yml  doctoc  LICENSE  pipework  pipework.spec  README.md

# cp pipework /usr/local/bin/

# systemctl start docker  

# docker run -itd --net=none centos_with_net bash				#--net=none表示不设置网络
fb22bdd37ae67792a2d70b525af3e1d8d6632161b0d826799f4fe4249a0eaebc

# docker exec -it fb22b bash

[root@fb22bdd37ae6 /]# ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0				#这里可以看到只有一个lo网卡

[root@fb22bdd37ae6 /]# exit
exit

使用pipework：

# pipework br0 fb22bd 192.168.33.180/24@192.168.33.2				#使用pipework指定ip和网关

# docker exec -it fb22b bash

[root@fb22bdd37ae6 /]# ifconfig
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.33.180  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.33.255
        ether 16:1b:e1:b9:ea:05  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7  bytes 578 (578.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1  bytes 42 (42.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0				#新增一个网卡
        
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

测试：

打开另外一台机器，ping 192.168.33.180

# ping 192.168.33.180
PING 192.168.33.100 (192.168.33.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.692 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.259 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.250 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.250 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.100: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.228 ms

本机容器里面，ping www.baidu.com

[root@fb22bdd37ae6 /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=37.9 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=38.6 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=35.3 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=37.0 ms
64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=38.2 ms

配置桥接网络成功。

另外，如果还想同时给另外一块网卡（如ens37）配置桥接网络，那可以设置为br1，以此类推，配置方法大体相同。

Dockerfile格式

dockerfile是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本，这些命令应用于基础镜像并最终创建一个新的镜像。它们简化了从头到尾的流程并极大的简化了部署工作。dockerfile从FROM命令开始，紧接着跟随者各种方法，命令和参数。其产出为一个新的可以用于创建容器的镜像。

类似于Makfile，用户使用docker build就可以编译镜像，使用该命令可以设置编译镜像时使用的CPU数量、内存大小、文件路径等。

dockerfile由多条指令组成，每条指令在编译镜像时执行相应的程序完成某些功能，由指令+参数组成，以逗号分隔，#作为注释起始符，虽说指令不区分大小写，但是一般指令使用大些，参数使用小写。

FROM 指定基于哪个基础镜像
格式：FROM 或者 FROM :
如 FROM centos ； FROM centos：latest

MAINTAINER 指定作者信息
格式：MAINTAINER
如 MAINTAINER lzx lzx@lzxlinux.com

RUN 镜像操作指令
格式：RUN 或者 RUN [“executable”,‘param1",“param2”]
如 RUN yum install httpd 或者 RUN ["/bin/bash","-c",“echo hello”]

CMD 指定容器启动时执行的命令，只能有一条
格式：CMD [“executable”,“param1”,“param2] 或
CMD command param1 param2 或
CMD [“param1”,“param2”]
如 CMD [”/bin/bash","/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-c","/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"]

EXPOSE 指定要映射出去的端口
格式：EXPOSE …
（-P（大写）指定容器端口，宿主机端口随机分配；-p（小写）指定宿主机端口和容器端口）
如 EXPOSE 22 80 443 或 EXPOSE -P 80 或 EXPOSE -p 8088:80

ENV 为后续的RUN指令提供一个环境变量
格式：ENV
如 ENV PATH /usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

ADD 将本地的一个文件或目录拷贝到容器的某个目录里
格式： ADD
（src为dockfile所在目录的相对路径，也可以是一个url）
如 ADD <conf/vhosts> </usr/local/nginx/conf>

COPY 将本地的一个文件或目录拷贝到容器的某个目录里
格式：COPY
(用法与ADD基本相同，但不支持url)
如 COPY <conf/vhosts> </usr/local/nginx/conf>

ENTRYPOINT 指定容器启动时执行的命令，只能有一条，写多条也只有最后一条生效
格式：ENTRYPOINT [“executable”,“param1”,“param2] 或
ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 或
ENTRYPOINT [“param1”,“param2”]
（用法与CMD基本相同，但CMD可以被docker run指令覆盖，而ENTRYPOINT不能覆盖，且会比CMD或docker run指定的命令更早执行）
如 ENTRYPOINT [”/bin/bash","/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-c","/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"]

VOLUME 创建一个可以从本机或者其他容器挂载的挂载点
格式：VOLUME ["/data"]

USER 指定运行容器的用户
格式：USER daemon

WORKDIR 为后续的RUN、CMD或者ENTERPOINT指定工作目录
格式：WORKDIR /path/to/workdir

Dockerfile 示例

上面介绍了dockerfile的语法格式，现在我们进行安装nginx实例操作。

编辑dockerfile：

# vim Dockerfile

## Set the base image to CentOS
FROM centos
# File Auther / Maintainer
Maintainer lzx lzx@lzxlinux.com
# Install necessary tools
RUN yum install -y pcre-devel wget net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
# Install Nginx
ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz .
RUN tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
RUN cd nginx-1.8.0 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install
RUN rm -fv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ADD http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.nginx_conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# Expose ports
EXPOSE 80
# Set the default command to execute when creating a new container
ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx && tail -f /etc/passwd				#加上tail -f 防止容器启动完nginx就自动停止

创建镜像：

# docker build -t centos_nginx .				#创建镜像，.表示在当前路径下查找dockerfile
Sending build context to Docker daemon  872.1MB
    .
    .				#此处为省略部分，总共有11步
    .
Successfully built 8a3eb3f04231
Successfully tagged centos_nginx:latest				#出现这个就说明运行成功

# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos_nginx                  latest              8a3eb3f04231        2 minutes ago       364MB				#可以看到刚刚创建的centos_nginx镜像
centos_with_nginx             latest              7b70caa8b630        2 days ago          408MB
lzx_test                      latest              5926537d3e30        5 days ago          272MB
<none>                        <none>              531fcbd0fb9d        5 days ago          0B
192.168.33.150:5000/centos7   latest              9934306dddc6        5 days ago          435MB
centos7                       latest              9934306dddc6        5 days ago          435MB
centos_with_net               latest              ef7d535f8206        6 days ago          293MB
registry                      latest              2e2f252f3c88        7 days ago          33.3MB
192.168.33.150:5000/ubuntu    latest              cd6d8154f1e1        13 days ago         84.1MB
192.168.33.150:5001/ubuntu    latest              cd6d8154f1e1        13 days ago         84.1MB
ubuntu                        latest              cd6d8154f1e1        13 days ago         84.1MB
192.168.33.150:5000/centos    latest              5182e96772bf        6 weeks ago         200MB
centos                        latest              5182e96772bf        6 weeks ago         200MB
lzx_centos                    latest              5182e96772bf        6 weeks ago         200MB

运行镜像：

# docker run -itd -p 81:80 centos_nginx bash				#运行centos_nginx镜像 
ebe5c1765ccb3eddab2bc57439de72a263c53de0a523fc8b437f15f0282314aa

# docker exec -it ebe5c1 bash

[root@ebe5c1765ccb /]# ps aux |grep nginx
root          1  0.0  0.1  11680  1352 pts/0    Ss+  06:48   0:00 /bin/sh -c /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx && tail -f /etc/passwd bash				#nginx服务已经启动，且容器没有退出
root          7  0.0  0.0  24880   792 ?        Ss   06:48   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody        8  0.0  0.3  27324  3360 ?        S    06:48   0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody        9  0.0  0.3  27324  3360 ?        S    06:48   0:00 nginx: worker process
root         25  0.0  0.0   9088   664 pts/1    S+   06:49   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

[root@ebe5c1765ccb /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 16  bytes 1296 (1.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@ebe5c1765ccb /]# exit
exit

# curl 127.0.0.1:81				#访问宿主机的81端口
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

成功访问，说明上面使用Dockerfile创建镜像成功。

Docker Compose 部署服务

Compose 是一个用户定义和运行多个容器的Docker应用程序。在Compose中你可以使用yaml 文件来配置你的应用服务。然后，只需要一个简单的命令，就可以创建并启动你配置的所有服务。

Compose 可以方便我们快捷且高效地管理容器的启动、停止、重启等操作。它类似于linux下的shell脚本，基于yaml语法，在该文件里我们可以描述应用的架构，比如用什么镜像、数据卷、网络模式、监听端口等信息。我们可以在一个compose文件中定义一个多容器的应用（如jumpserver），然后通过该compose来启动这个应用。

安装compose：

先使用Windows下载docker-compose文件，通过lrzsz传到linux机器上

# du -sh docker-compose-Linux-x86_64
8.5M	docker-compose-Linux-x86_64
# mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# chmod 755 !$
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# docker-compose version				#查看docker-compose版本
docker-compose version 1.17.0-rc1, build a0f95af
docker-py version: 2.5.1
CPython version: 2.7.13
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t  3 May 2016

compose区分version 1 和 version 2（compose 1.6.0+ ，docker engine 1.10.0+），version 2支持更多的指令，建议使用version 2。

部署服务：

# vim docker-compose.yml				#写入下面内容，注意空格

version: "2"				#使用 version 2 版本
services:
  app1:				#表示容器名字
    image: centos_nginx				#表示镜像名
    ports:
      - "8080:80"				#指定映射端口
    networks:
      - "net1"				#指定网络模式
    volumes:
      - /data/:/data				#目录挂载，等同于前面讲过的-v选项
  app2:
    image: centos_with_net
    networks:
      - "net2"
    volumes:
      - /data/:/data1
    entrypoint: tail -f /etc/passwd				#防止容器运行完dockerfile停止
networks:
  net1:
    driver: bridge
  net2:
    driver: bridge

运行docker-compose：

# docker-compose up -d				#运行docker-compose，启动服务；-d 后台启动
Creating root_app2_1 ... 
Creating root_app1_1 ... 
Creating root_app2_1
Creating root_app1_1 ... done

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
52e07bc9a607        centos_nginx        "/bin/sh -c '/usr/loâ€¦"   35 seconds ago      Up 33 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   root_app1_1
e9b9c0ad3f37        centos_with_net     "tail -f /etc/passwd"    35 seconds ago      Up 33 seconds                              root_app2_1
ebe5c1765ccb        centos_nginx        "/bin/sh -c '/usr/loâ€¦"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp     suspicious_colden

# docker-compose ps				#显示docker-compose
   Name                  Command               State          Ports        
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
root_app1_1   /bin/sh -c /usr/local/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp
root_app2_1   tail -f /etc/passwd              Up				#状态均为up

通过使用compose，我们可以很方便地管理容器的启动、停止、重启等操作。

更多资料参考：

Docker入门与实战讲解

Docker-Compose入门

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